Radiation-Induced Endothelial Vascular Injury: A Review of Possible Mechanisms.

In radiation therapy for cancer, the therapeutic ratio represents an optimal balance between tumor control and normal tissue complications. As improvements in the therapeutic arsenal against cancer extend longevity, the importance of late effects of radiation increases, particularly those caused by vascular endothelial injury. Radiation both initiates and accelerates atherosclerosis, leading to vascular events like stroke, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease.

Imaging predictors of treatment outcomes in rectal cancer: An overview.

The treatment protocols for rectal cancer continue to evolve, with increasing acceptance of a watch-and-wait policy for clinical complete responders to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. It still, however, remains unclear who is likely to achieve a pathological complete response, which unequivocally portends a very favorable overall prognosis. Evolution of modern imaging techniques has paved the way for potential prediction of treatment response based on baseline, on-treatment, early post-treatment and subsequent follow-up imaging alone.

Gold-Small Interfering RNA as Optically Responsive Nanostructures for Cancer Theranostics.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA), with its highly sequence-specific ability to modulate target gene expression, is seen as a promising therapeutic approach in cancer therapy. However, the major impediments to widespread clinical utilization are the optimal and durable targeting of target genes and safe and effective delivery of siRNA to the site of interest in the tumor niche. In this review, we will discuss gold nanocarriers with varied geometries and architecture as siRNA delivery vehicles for targeted cancer treatment.

Radiation-Induced Cardiovascular Disease: A Clinical Perspective.

Cancer survival has improved dramatically, and this has led to the manifestation of late side effects of multimodality therapy. Radiation (RT) to the thoracic malignancies results in unintentional irradiation of the cardiac chambers. RT-induced microvascular ischemia leads to disruption of capillary endothelial framework, and injury to differentiated myocytes results in deposition of collagen and fibrosis.