Lack of association between plasma levels of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors & virological outcomes during rifampicin co-administration in HIV-infected TB patients.

Background & Objectives: Among patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB), reduced plasma non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) concentrations during rifampicin (RMP) co-administration could lead to HIV treatment failure. This study was undertaken to examine the association between plasma nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EFV) concentrations and virological outcomes in patients infected with HIV-1 and TB.

Methods: This was a nested study undertaken in a clinical trial of patients with HIV-1 and TB, randomized to two different once-daily antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens along with anti-TB treatment (ATT).

Emergence of drug resistant mutations after single dose nevirapine exposure in HIV-1 infected pregnant women in south India.

Background & Objectives: Resistance to nevirapine (NVP) has been described with single dose preventive regimens in other populations. Our aim was to study the pattern and prevalence of HIV drug resistance (DR) at baseline (during pregnancy) and after delivery among antenatal women exposed to single dose NVP for prevention of parent to child transmission (PPTCT).

Methods: HIV-infected, ART-naive primigravidae between 18-25 years of age, attending government antenatal clinics in Chennai, Vellore or Madurai were recruited.

Antiretroviral drug-resistant mutations at baseline and at time of failure of antiretroviral therapy in HIV type 1-coinfected TB patients.

There is limited information on the prevalence and pattern of HIV drug-resistant mutations (DRMs) among HIV-1-coinfected tuberculosis (TB) patients before and after antiretroviral treatment. Patients with HIV-1 and TB were recruited into a clinical trial from two different once-daily antiretroviral regimens and followed for a period of 6 months after ART initiation. Patients were treated with standard short-course anti-TB treatment (2EHRZ3/4RH3) and were randomized to receive ddI/3TC with either nevirapine or efavirenz, once daily.