Role of scheduled repeat CT scan in traumatic brain injuries: A prospective observational study.

Background: Scheduled CT scan is a routine practice at many centers after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but it has been questioned by few authors. The majority of the studies are reported in mild TBI; however, no specific data exist for the same in moderate and severe TBI.

Methods: This was a single-center and 1-year prospective study.

Eosinophilic granuloma of the cervical spine in a young adult: A rare case report.

Background: Spinal eosinophilic granulomas (EG) are rare tumors, mostly reported in the pediatric age group. They constitute <1% of primary bone neoplasms, and cervical spine involvement is uncommon.

Case Description: A 20-year-old male presented with neck pain for a 4-month duration.

Study on Universal Health Coverage Scheme in India - The Stumper to Private Hospitals.

Background: Many governments have introduced health insurance schemes for the poor sections of society to save them from catastrophic health expenditure. Private hospitals play a key role in India, as they are in significant number in secondary and tertiary care services. Private hospitals have to fund their infrastructure, staff salaries from the revenue of previous year.

Multifocal atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour in an infant-a rare case report.

Background: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (AT/RT) are uncommon but aggressive, malignant tumours in the paediatric age group. Presentation of concomitant supratentorial and infratentorial lesions in an infant is extremely rare. We discuss an infant diagnosed with such lesions.

Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of traumatic basal ganglia hematomas: A 4-year single-center study.

Background: Traumatic basal ganglia hematomas (TBGH) are rare entities. They are situated in the deep cerebral parenchyma and have also been termed as intermediate coup contusions. Available literature is sparse with regards to the characteristics and prognosis of TBGH.

A 2-Year Prospective Study of Complication Rates After Cranioplasty: Is 8 Weeks' Interval Associated with Increased Complications?

Background: The commonly observed complications after cranioplasty include infections, intracranial hemorrhage, and seizures. The timing of cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy (DC) is still under debate, with literature available for both early and delayed cranioplasties. The objectives of this study were to note the overall complication rates and more specifically compare complications between 2 different time intervals.

Mangrove (Avicennia marina) parts as proxies in marine pollution of Nizampatnam Bay, East Coast of India: An integrated approach.

This study focuses on the assessment of heavy metals (HM) concentration and pollution status of the Nizampatnam Bay, east coast of India, from mangrove plant parts (roots and leaves) and sediment samples. This is the first of its kind work (comparison of data from both mangrove and sediment samples) from the third largest mangrove ecosystem in India. To carry out this work, plant (Avicennia mariana) and sediment samples were collected from five stations.

Intracranial Meningeal Melanocytomas: Clinicoradiologic Characteristics and Outcomes.

Objective: Melanocytes are neural crest derivatives. Intracranial meningeal melanocytomas (MM) are rare tumors and the available literature is sparse for these neoplasms. This review aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive literature review of these tumors.

Clinico-Epidemio-Microbiological Exploratory Review Among COVID-19 Patients with Secondary Infection in Central India.

Purpose: Secondary infections (SI) in COVID-19 have been documented from 3.6% to 72% in various studies with mortality ranging from 8.1% to 57.

Steroids for delayed cerebral edema after traumatic brain injury.

Background: Brain edema is a common phenomenon after traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting in increased intracranial pressure and subsequent neurological deterioration. Experimental studies have proven that brain edema is biphasic (cytotoxic followed by vasogenic). Till date, all studies, including the corticosteroid randomization after significant head injury (HI) trial, have used high-dose steroids in the acute period during which the edema is essentially cytotoxic in nature.

Traumatic irreducible non-Hangman's type bilateral C2-C3 high-grade facet dislocation: technical nuance.

Majority of C2-C3 vertebral dislocations occur as in combination with bilateral pars fractures, also known as Hangman's fractures. Isolated C2-C3 facet dislocation without any associated C2 fracture is a very rare injury. One such case has been presented in this report.

Intraoperative Temporal Horn Ventriculostomy for Brain Relaxation During Aneurysm Surgeries in Pterional Approaches.

Background: Achieving optimal brain relaxation is paramount in aneurysm surgery. Despite proper positioning and the use of newer anesthetic drugs and the administration of decongestants, it is often not possible to achieve satisfactory relaxation, which can lead to neurological deficits owing to excessive brain retraction. The present study aimed to provide detailed surgical notes regarding the novel technique of temporal horn tapping for intraoperative ventriculostomy.

Decompressive Craniectomy in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Comparison with Standard Craniotomy Using Propensity-Matched Analysis.

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage carries a poor prognosis with a 30-day mortality rate of 35%-52%. There is no standardized surgical technique for treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. While minimally invasive techniques are popular, there has been renewed interest in decompressive craniectomy (DC).

Clinical Profile and Predictors of Outcome in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage from a Tertiary Care Centre in South India.

This article attempts to evaluate the clinical profile and outcome determinants following hypertensive SICH in a South Indian population. The study represents the largest series of SICH reported from a single centre in India. Prospective data collection and analysis of patients with SICH admitted to our centre between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2018.

Outcomes of Cranioplasty from a Tertiary Hospital in a Developing Country.

Introduction: Although cranioplasty (CP) is a straightforward procedure, it may result in a significant number of complications. These include infections, seizures, intracranial hematomas, and others. Many reports have stated that early CP is associated with higher complications; however, more recent articles have contradicted this opinion.

Cranial Melioidosis Presenting as Osteomyelitis and/or Extra-Axial Abscess: Literature Review.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) melioidosis is rare. Clinical presentations depend on the region of endemicity. Despite treatment, neurologic disease has relatively high mortality rates.

Thoracic spine ossified ligamentum flavum: single-surgeon experience of fifteen cases and a new MRI finding for preoperative diagnosis of dural ossification.

Ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) is an infrequent cause of thoracic spinal stenosis, mostly found in Japan and other East Asian countries, and uncommon in other populations. The incidence of dural ossification (DO) ranges from 11-62%. None of the previously described imaging findings can accurately diagnose DO preoperatively.

A comprehensive review of adult onset spinal teratomas: analysis of factors related to outcomes and recurrences.

Purpose: Spinal teratomas are rare tumours noted in adults and are commonly located in the thoracolumbar region. Currently, there appears to be a lack of clear consensus regarding the management and prognosis of these lesions. A comprehensive review along with an illustrative case managed at the author's institute has been presented.

Spontaneous orbital haemorrhage secondary to cavernous haemangioma - a case summary and review of literature.

Purpose: Orbital haemangiomas are common orbital tumors known for their slow growth. Acute presentation with haemorrhage into the tumor is a rare occurrence with only nine cases reported in literature.

Methods: The authors present a case of an elderly female with sudden onset of proptosis and swelling of the eye.

Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure of the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale in Southern India.

We used data from 660 people living with HIV in southern India to evaluate the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of 2 factors: a 2-item factor related to disclosure concerns and a 4-item factor related to self-hatred. The self-hatred factor demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α = .