Pharyngeal Flap Versus Sphincter Pharyngoplasty for the Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Preliminary Findings From a Systematic Review.

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare surgical and speech outcomes of the posterior pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty following surgical management of velopharyngeal insufficiency in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS).

Velopharyngeal Characteristics in Aarskog-Scott Syndrome: A Case Report.

Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS), also known as facio-digito-genital syndrome, is a rare heterogenous syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism, brachydactyly, and genetic abnormalities. Although severe craniofacial abnormalities have been reported in AAS, little is known about speech and resonance issues in AAS. Specifically, published data to date have only indicated reports of hypernasality associated with a cleft palate in AAS.

Assessment of the Velopharyngeal Mechanism at Rest and During Speech in Children With 22q11.2DS: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) has a complex etiology.

Interaction of the craniofacial complex and velopharyngeal musculature on speech resonance in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: An MRI analysis.

There are limited MRI studies of craniofacial and velopharyngeal features in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and to date, none have explored the potential relationship between these features and the speech phenotype.

Impact of Cranial Base Abnormalities on Cerebellar Volume and the Velopharynx in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between cranial base, cerebellar, craniofacial, and velopharyngeal (VP) variables in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS).

Methods: Thirteen typically developing healthy children and 13 age- and sex-matched individuals with 22q11DS completed a magnetic resonance imaging scan, which was used to examine craniofacial and VP variables.

Differences in the Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle and Hearing Status in Children With and Without 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate the dimensions of the tensor veli palatini (TVP) muscle using high image resolution 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the soft palate among children with normal velopharyngeal and craniofacial anatomy and to compare values to individuals with a diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). We also sought to determine whether there is a relationship between hypoplasia of the TVP and severity of middle ear dysfunction and hearing loss.

Velopharyngeal Structural and Muscle Variations in Children With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: An Unsedated MRI Study.

Objective: The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common genetic cause of velopharyngeal dysfunction; however, limited information exists regarding variations in velopharyngeal anatomy in this clinically challenging population.

Growth Effects on Velopharyngeal Anatomy From Childhood to Adulthood.

Purpose The observed sexual dimorphism of velopharyngeal structures among adult populations has not been observed in the young child (4- to 9-year-old) population. The purpose of this study was to examine the age at which sexual dimorphism of velopharyngeal structures become apparent and to examine how growth trends vary between boys and girls. Method Static 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging velopharyngeal data were collected among 202 participants ranging from 4 to 21 years of age.

Evaluating Nasalance Values Among Bilingual Mandarin-English Speakers.

Objective: The goals of this research are (1) to establish normative nasalance values for bilingual Mandarin-English speakers and compare values to those of previously reported monolingual Mandarin speakers, and (2) to examine whether sex, age, dialect, and language proficiency affect levels of nasalance among Mandarin-English speakers in both English and Mandarin.

Design: All participants recorded the speech stimuli, constructed to include oral sentences, nasal sentences, oronasal sentences, and vowels /ɑ, i, u/ in Mandarin and English. Nasalance measurements were recorded using the Nasometer II 6450.

Effects of Surgical Intervention and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Velopharyngeal Structure and Function: A Case Report.

Changes to the velum and velopharyngeal muscles following Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty in a 7-year-old female with submucous cleft palate and velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) were evaluated. Perceptual, instrumental (ie, nasometry and aerodynamic pressure flow), and research magnetic resonance imaging analyses were used during pre- and postsurgical time points at a university research clinic. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy was trialed following a failed surgery for residual VPD in the patient.

Examining age, sex, and race characteristics of velopharyngeal structures in 4- to 9-year old children using magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify the growth of the various craniofacial and velopharyngeal structures and examine sex and race effects.

Methods: Eight-five healthy children (53 White and 32 Black) with normal velopharyngeal anatomy between 4 and 9 years of age who met the inclusion criteria and successfully completed the MRI scans were included in the study.

Results: Developmental normative mean values for selected craniometric and velopharyngeal variables by race and sex are reported.

Examining a New Method to Studying Velopharyngeal Structures in a Child With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Purpose: To date, no studies have imaged the velopharynx in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS) without the use of sedation.

Racial Variations in Velopharyngeal and Craniometric Morphology in Children: An Imaging Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine craniometric and velopharyngeal anatomy among young children (4-8 years of age) with normal anatomy across Black and White racial groups.

Method: Thirty-two healthy children (16 White and 16 Black) with normal velopharyngeal anatomy participated and successfully completed the magnetic resonance imaging scans. Measurements included 11 craniofacial and 9 velopharyngeal measures.

Effects of gravity on the velopharyngeal structures in children using upright magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective : The influence of gravity on the velopharyngeal structures in children is unknown. The purpose of this study is to compare the velopharyngeal mechanism in the upright and supine positions while at rest and during sustained speech production in children between 4 and 8 years old. Methods : A 0.