The pattern of diabetic care and glycemic control among the ambulatory diabetic patients in tertiary care settings in Bangladesh.

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern in Bangladesh. The pattern of diabetic care and control of blood sugar among diabetic patients are not well described. We assessed the pattern of diabetic care among ambulatory diabetic patients attending tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh, and explored the relationship of glycemic control with behavioral and metabolic risks.

Low-Dose Triple-Pill vs Standard-Care Protocols for Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: With the high burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a need for effective, safe and scalable treatment strategies.

Objective: To compare, among Black African adults, the effectiveness and safety of a novel low-dose triple-pill protocol compared with a standard-care protocol for blood pressure lowering.

Design And Setting: Randomized, parallel-group, open-label, multicenter trial conducted in public hospital-based family medicine clinics in Nigeria.

The efficacy of interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus-A living systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: While previously considered a transient condition, with no lasting adverse impact, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is now a well-established risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The risk of developing T2DM appears to be particularly high in the first few years after childbirth, providing a compelling case for early intervention. This review provides an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of interventions to reduce incidence of T2DM in women with a recent history of GDM.

deliVERy of optimal blood pressure coNtrol in afrICA (VERONICA)-Nigeria study: Rationale and design of a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Blood pressure (BP) control among treated patients in Africa is very suboptimal, with low levels of combination therapy use and therapeutic inertia being among the major barriers to effective control of hypertension. The VERONICA-Nigeria study aims to evaluate, among Black African adults with hypertension, the effectiveness and safety of a triple pill-based treatment protocol compared to Nigeria hypertension treatment protocol (standard care protocol) for the treatment of hypertension.

Methods: This study involves a randomized, parallel-group and open-label trial.

Retrospective study of patient characteristics and treatment for mucormycosis in post COVID-19 population in a tertiary care hospital.

Objectives: Along with the COVID-19 pandemic, another illness wreaking havoc in India is mucormycosis, also known as black fungus. Mucormycosis was previously known as zygomycotic infection, which is a consequential type of infection caused by several mildews known as Mucoromycetes. It is an invasive type of disease which occurs more commonly in individuals with low and weakened immunity.

Antenatal oral glucose tolerance test abnormalities in the prediction of future risk of postpartum diabetes in women with gestational diabetes: Results from the LIVING study.

Objectives: To explore associations between type and number of abnormal glucose values on antenatal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with postpartum diabetes in South Asian women diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM) using International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria.

Methods: This post-hoc evaluation of the Lifestyle Intervention IN Gestational Diabetes (LIVING) study, a randomized controlled trial, was conducted among women with GDM in the index pregnancy, across 19 centers in Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka. Postpartum diabetes (outcome) was defined on OGTT, using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria.

The incidence and risk factors of postpartum diabetes in women from Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka (South Asia) with prior gestational diabetes mellitus: Results from the LIVING study.

Aim: To study, the incidence and risk factors for postpartum diabetes (DM), in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) from South Asia (Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka), followed for nearly two years after delivery.

Methods: Women with prior GDM diagnosed using IADPSG criteria were invited at 19 centres across Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka for an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) following childbirth, and were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. The glycaemic category (outcome) was defined from an OGTT based on American Diabetes Association criteria.

Efficacy and Safety of Directly Acting Antivirals in Patients with Hepatitis C Infection on Hemodialysis.

Introduction: The high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) has been reported in India. Due to the strong association of HCV infection with death and cardiovascular disease, it is important to treat the infection. However, treatment poses a challenge since only a few directly acting antivirals recommended in the guidelines for HCV treatment in the dialysis population are available in India.

Clinical Audits to Identify Medication Errors in a Healthcare Facility.

Medication errors have serious effects on patient care and it is important to detect them instantly in order to reduce clinical practice errors and prevent their adverse outcomes. Even though error reporting techniques are less expensive, there may be considerable impediments for a nurse to notify an error due to the obvious possibility of negative repercussions. The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of medication errors, with identifying their common types, and the effect of clinical audits.

Herbs as a Source for the Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a neuroendocrine metabolic disorder characterized by an irregular menstrual cycle. Treatment for PCOS using synthetic drugs is effective. However, PCOS patients are attracted towards natural remedies due to the effective therapeutic outcomes with natural drugs and the limitations of allopathic medicines.

Child Marriage in South Asia: A Systematic Review.

: Child marriage is a serious public health issue with dire implications at the individual and societal level. Almost half of all child marriages globally originate from South Asia. The aim of this study is to identify consistent factors associated with and resulting from child marriage in South Asia through a review of available evidence.

Blood Culture Contamination Rate as a Quality Indicator - a Prospective Observational Study.

Blood culture test is the gold standard test to diagnose bloodstream infections, but contamination is the main problem in this valuable test. False positive results in blood cultures are mainly due to contamination that occurs mostly during pre-analytical procedures like sample collection and sometimes during sample processing. Our prospective observational study was undertaken at St.

Nipah amidst Covid-19 Pandemic, another Re-Emerging Infectious Disease of Pandemic Potential - a Narrative Review.

Nipah virus (NiV) was reported for the first time from the Kampung Sungai Nipah village of Malaysia in 1998. Since then, there have been multiple outbreaks, all of them in South- and South-East Asia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), up to 75% of Nipah infections were proven to be fatal.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence for Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis - a Review.

The development of medical artificial intelligence (AI) is related to programs intended to help clinicians formulate diagnoses, make therapeutic decisions and predict outcomes. It is bringing a paradigm shift to healthcare, powered by the increasing availability of healthcare data and rapid progress in analytical techniques (1). Artificial intelligence techniques include machine learning methods for structured data, such as classical support vector machines and neural networks, modern deep learning (DL), and natural language processing for unstructured data.

Detection of Metallo Beta-Lactamase (MBL) Producing in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Ghanpur, Medchal, India.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections and is especially prevalent among patients with burn wounds, cystic fibrosis, acute leukemia, organ transplants and intravenous-drug addiction. Acquired metallo-â-lactamases (MBLs) are carbapenemases which require zinc in the active site and are predominantly produced by They belong to Ambler's class B and Bush-Jacoby Medeiros Group 3 and hydrolyse virtually all â-lactam agents, including the carbapenems. In India, only blaVIM and NDM-1 have been reported in Metallo beta-lactamases have recently emerged as one of the most worrisome resistance mechanisms owing to their capacity to hydrolyse all beta-lactams, including carbapenems.

Vector-Borne Diseases amidst COVID-19 Pandemic in India - A Mini-Review.

Vector-borne diseases are infections caused by parasites, viruses and bacteria and transmitted by vectors, which are usually insects. A greater risk of diseases such as dengue, malaria, seasonal influenza, leptospirosis, chikungunya, enteric fever, etc co-exist in COVID-19 cases. This poses challenges in clinical and laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19, which may affect clinical management and patient outcomes.

Effects of a Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Deterioration in Glycemic Status Among South Asian Women With Recent Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Women with recent gestational diabetes (GDM) have increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To investigate whether a resource-appropriate and context-appropriate lifestyle intervention could prevent glycemic deterioration among women with recent GDM in South Asia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized, participant-unblinded controlled trial investigated a 12-month lifestyle intervention vs usual care at 19 urban hospitals in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh.

Traffic, training, and turnover: Experiences of research personnel in collecting road safety data in Hyderabad, India.

We describe the experiences of research personnel in collecting road safety data, using a range of quantitative and qualitative methods to collect primary and secondary data, in the course of monitoring and evaluating the impact of road safety interventions under the Bloomberg Philanthropies Global Road Safety Program, in Hyderabad, India. We detail environmental, administrative, and operational barriers encountered, and individual, systemic, and technical enablers pertaining to the conduct of road safety research in Hyderabad, India, but bearing relevance to broader public health research and practice and the implementation and evaluation of projects. From our experiences of the challenges and the solutions developed to address them, we set out recommendations for research teams and for administrators in road safety as well as in various other streams of public health research and practice.

Helical tomotherapy for prostate cancer radiation therapy: An audit of early toxicity and quality of life.

Background: Radiation plays a major role in the management of localized prostate cancer (CaP). There are limited studies reporting the quality of life (QOL) and toxicity with CaP tomotherapy.

Materials And Methods: This is a single-institutional prospective observational study evaluating the acute toxicity and QOL of patients with CaP receiving tomotherapy from May 2018 to October 2019.

Exosomes in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region.

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles, released from different tissues in a living individual. By virtue of their ability to be released from both the normal and diseased individual, they play an inevitable role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic aspect of a disease. With this background, the untapped role of exosomes in the field of oral and maxillofacial region is unveiled.