PD-1 directed immunotherapy alters Tfh and humoral immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccine.

Anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy reinvigorates CD8 T cell responses in patients with cancer but PD-1 is also expressed by other immune cells, including follicular helper CD4 T cells (Tfh) which are involved in germinal centre responses. Little is known, however, about the effects of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy on noncancer immune responses in humans. To investigate this question, we examined the impact of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy on the Tfh-B cell axis responding to unrelated viral antigens.

A single dose of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade predicts clinical outcomes in resectable melanoma.

Immunologic responses to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients occur rapidly with pharmacodynamic T cell responses detectable in blood by 3 weeks. It is unclear, however, whether these early blood-based observations translate to the tumor microenvironment. We conducted a study of neoadjuvant/adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy in stage III/IV melanoma.

Comparison of high pressure-induced dissociation of single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) from high pressure-sensitive and high pressure-adapted marine Shewanella species.

The effects of hydrostatic pressure on protein quaternary structure were compared for recombinant single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) derived from piezosensitive, piezotolerant, and obligately piezophilic ("pressure-loving") marine Shewanella strains. The pressure-induced dissociation of the oligomeric SSB proteins was investigated using fluorescence anisotropy. The SSBs all exhibited striking similarity in the pressure-dependent behavior of the fluorescence intensity and emission spectrum as well as in their dissociation constants at atmospheric pressure.

Determination of minocycline by oxidative coupling and diazocoupling reactions in pharmaceutical formulations.

Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (M(1)-M(4)) by the application of oxidative coupling and diazocoupling reactions for the assay of minocycline (MC) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations have been described. Methods M(1) and M(2) involve the oxidative coupling reactions of MC with 3-methyl-2-benzothiozolinone hydrazone (MBTH) (method M(1), lambda(max) 440 nm) or 4-aminophenazone (4-AP) (method M(2), lambda(max) 520 nm) in the presence of periodate. Methods M(3) and M(4) are based on the formation of diazocoupling products of MC with diazotised p-nitroaniline (DPNA) (method M(3), lambda(max) 420 nm) or diazotised sulfanilic acid (DSAC) (method M(4), lambda(max) 420 nm).

Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding single-stranded-DNA-binding protein (SSB) from four marine Shewanella strains that differ in their temperature and pressure optima for growth.

The ssb gene, coding for single-stranded-DNA-binding protein (SSB), was cloned from four marine Shewanella strains that differed in their temperature and pressure optima and ranges of growth. All four Shewanella ssb genes complemented Escherichia coli ssb point and deletion mutants, with efficiencies that varied with temperature and ssb gene source. The Shewanella SSBs are the largest bacterial SSBs identified to date (24.