Aging induced testicular damage: analyzing the ameliorative potential of seed extract.

Linn. (), a leguminous plant, was used extensively in Ayurveda, to treat male-related infertility. Previous studies have demonstrated antioxidant, androgenic, aphrodisiac, and spermatogenic properties of seed extract.

Identification of miR-802-5p and its involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are recently discovered endogenous, small noncoding RNAs (of 22 nucleotides) that play pivotal roles in gene regulation. They are involved in post-transcriptional control of gene expression. miRNAs are emerging as important regulators of cell proliferation, development, cancer formation, stress responses, cell death and physiological conditions.

Therapeutic potential of (Linn.) on ageing induced damage in dorsal nerve of the penis and its implication on erectile function: an experimental study using albino rats.

Objective: To study the effect of ethanolic seed extract of on damaged dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP) in aged rat in relation to penile erection.

Methods: The rats were divided into four groups Young (3 months), Aged (24 - 28 months), Aged +  and Young +  (200 mg/kg b.w/60 days) and were subjected to the hypophysial - gonadal axis, nerve conduction velocity (NCV), and penile reflex.

Expression of adenosine receptors and vegf during angiogenesis and its inhibition by pentoxifylline-A study using zebrafish model.

Angiogenesis, formation of new blood vessels is an important process involved in neovascular diseases and tumor progression. Understanding and defining novel therapeutic targets of neovascular diseases like retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration have been hindered by a lack of appropriate animal models. Zebrafish provides an excellent vertebrate model to study above disorders since its circulatory system and retinal layers are similar to mammals.

Morphological diversity of sperm: A mini review.

Sperms are highly specialized cells for delivering DNA from male to the ovum. Incredibly, wide degree of diversity in sperm morphology in their basic structures i.e.

Effect of Mucuna pruriens (Linn.) on mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage in epididymal sperm of streptozotocin induced diabetic rat.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Mucuna pruriens Linn. (M. pruriens) is a leguminous plant that has been recognized as an herbal medicine for improving fertility and related disorders in the Indian traditional system of medicine, however without proper scientific validations.

HIV-1 assembly: viral glycoproteins segregate quantally to lipid rafts that associate individually with HIV-1 capsids and virions.

HIV-1 assembly depends on its structural protein, Gag, which after synthesis on ribosomes, traffics to the late endosome/plasma membrane, associates with HIV Env glycoprotein, and forms infectious virions. While Env and Gag migrate to lipid microdomains, their stoichiometry and specificity of interaction are unknown. Pseudotyped viral particles can be made with one viral core surrounded by heterologous envelope proteins.

Leukocyte-specific protein 1 interacts with DC-SIGN and mediates transport of HIV to the proteasome in dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells (DCs) capture and internalize human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 through C-type lectins, including DC-SIGN. These cells mediate efficient infection of T cells by concentrating the delivery of virus through the infectious synapse, a process dependent on the cytoplasmic domain of DC-SIGN. Here, we identify a cellular protein that binds specifically to the cytoplasmic region of DC-SIGN and directs internalized virus to the proteasome.

Lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by a specific secreted human phospholipase A2.

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) proteins affect cellular activation, signal transduction, and possibly innate immunity. A specific secretory PLA2, sPLA2-X, is shown here to neutralize human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through degradation of the viral membrane. Catalytic function was required for antiviral activity, and the target cells of infection were unaffected.

Protein methyltransferase 2 inhibits NF-kappaB function and promotes apoptosis.

The protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) include a family of proteins with related putative methyltransferase domains that modify chromatin and regulate cellular transcription. Although some family members, PRMT1 and PRMT4, have been implicated in transcriptional modulation or intracellular signaling, the roles of other PRMTs in diverse cellular processes have not been fully established. Here, we report that PRMT2 inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and promotes apoptosis.

Infection of specific dendritic cells by CCR5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promotes cell-mediated transmission of virus resistant to broadly neutralizing antibodies.

The tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 for chemokine receptors plays an important role in the transmission of AIDS. Although CXCR4-tropic virus is more cytopathic for T cells, CCR5-tropic strains are transmitted more frequently in humans for reasons that are not understood. Phenotypically immature myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) are preferentially infected by CCR5-tropic virus, in contrast to mature mDCs, which are not susceptible to infection but instead internalize virus into a protected intracellular compartment and enhance the infection of T cells.

pH-dependent entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is mediated by the spike glycoprotein and enhanced by dendritic cell transfer through DC-SIGN.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) synthesizes several putative viral envelope proteins, including the spike (S), membrane (M), and small envelope (E) glycoproteins. Although these proteins likely are essential for viral replication, their specific roles in SARS-CoV entry have not been defined. In this report, we show that the SARS-CoV S glycoprotein mediates viral entry through pH-dependent endocytosis.

A novel role for XIAP in copper homeostasis through regulation of MURR1.

XIAP is a potent suppressor of apoptosis that directly inhibits specific members of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. Here we demonstrate a novel role for XIAP in the control of intracellular copper levels. XIAP was found to interact with MURR1, a factor recently implicated in copper homeostasis.

The gene product Murr1 restricts HIV-1 replication in resting CD4+ lymphocytes.

Although human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infects quiescent and proliferating CD4+ lymphocytes, the virus replicates poorly in resting T cells. Factors that block viral replication in these cells might help to prolong the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection; however, the molecular mechanisms that control this process are not fully understood. Here we show that Murr1, a gene product known previously for its involvement in copper regulation, inhibits HIV-1 growth in unstimulated CD4+ T cells.