Fabrication of Decellularized Amnion and Chorion Scaffolds to Develop Bioengineered Cell-Laden Constructs.

Introduction: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) holds great promise for managing several clinical conditions. However, the low engraftment efficiency and obscurity to harvest these cells without compromising the cellular viability, structural and functional properties from the culture niche still remain major obstacles for preparing intact regenerative constructs. Although few studies have demonstrate different methods for generating cell-liberated amniotic scaffolds, a common method for producing completely cell-liberated amnion (D-HAM) and chorion (D-HCM) scaffolds and their cytocompatibility with hMSCs yet to be demonstrated.

Biofabrication of allogenic bone grafts using cellularized amniotic scaffolds for application in efficient bone healing.

Introduction: The reconstruction/regeneration of human bone injuries/defects represents a crucial challenge due to the lack of suitable bio/immune compatible and implantable biological grafts. The available strategies represent implications of several types of grafting materials in the form of metals, synthetic, and various kinds of biological scaffolds; however, the lack of appropriate biological components required for activating and enhancing repair mechanisms at the lesion-site limits their wider applicability.

Methods: In this study, a unique approach for generating human osteogenic implantable grafts was developed using biofabrication technology.

Engineering bio-mimetic humanized neurological constructs using acellularized scaffolds of cryopreserved meningeal tissues.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most precarious conditions which have been one of the major reasons for continuous increasing mortality rate of SCI patients. Currently, there is no effective treatment modality for SCI patients posing major threat to the scientific and medical community. The available strategies don't mimic with the natural processes of nervous tissues repair/regeneration and majority of the approaches may induce the additional fibrotic or immunological response at the injury site and are not readily available on demand.

Intraperitoneal transplantation of bioengineered humanized liver grafts supports failing liver in acute condition.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is one of the most devastating fatal conditions which have posed crucial challenges to the clinicians and researchers for identifying permanent cure. Currently liver transplantation has been considered as the only managerial option. However it's wider applicability has been limited owing to non-availability of quality donor organs, cost-intensiveness, surgical hitches, life-long use of immunosuppressive drugs and long-term complications.

Bioengineered functional humanized livers: An emerging supportive modality to bridge the gap of organ transplantation for management of end-stage liver diseases.

End stage liver diseases (ESLD) represent a major, neglected global public health crisis which requires an urgent action towards finding a proper cure. Orthotropic liver transplantation has been the only definitive treatment modality for ESLD. However, shortage of donor organs, timely unavailability, post-surgery related complications and financial burden on the patients limits the number of patients receiving the transplants.

Bioengineering Human Neurological Constructs Using Decellularized Meningeal Scaffolds for Application in Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most devastating conditions echoes with inflammation, enhanced fibrosis and larger axonal gaps due to destruction of neurological cells which has caused continuous increasing mortality rate of SCI patients due to absence of suitable treatment modalities. The restoration of structural and functional aspect of damaged neurological tissues at the lesion site in spinal cord has been challenging. Recent developments have showed tremendous potential of neural stem cell-based strategies to form a neuronal relay circuit across the injury gap which facilitates some levels of improvement in SCI condition.

Molecular dynamics of pancreatic transcription factors in bioengineered humanized insulin producing neoorgan.

Background: The present study has been aimed to identify molecular dynamics of pancreatic transcription factors (pTFs) during events of directed trans-differentiation of human hepatic progenitor cells (hHPCs) into insulin producing cells (InPCs) within bioengineered humanized neoorgan. The study demonstrates applicability of acellularized whole splenic scaffold (ASOS) to generate insulin producing humanized transplantable neoorgan through activation of pancreatic transcription factors.

Methods: An efficient acellularization process was developed for xenogeneic rat spleen using change in different gradients of reagents perfusion through splenic artery for varying time points.

Protective Role of Hypothermia Against Heat Stress in Differentiated and Undifferentiated Human Neural Precursor Cells: A Differential Approach for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Introduction: The present study aimed to explore protective mechanisms of hypothermia against mild cold and heat stress on highly proliferative homogeneous human Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs) derived from Subventricular Zone (SVZ) of human fetal brain.

Methods: CD133+ve enriched undifferentiated and differentiated human NPCs were exposed to heat stress at 42°C. Then, Western-blot quantification was performed using Hsp-70 (70 kilodalton heat shock proteins) recombinant protein.

Role of drug transporters and heat shock proteins during ethanol exposure to human neural precursor cells and its lineages.

Introduction: Ethanol exposure to developing brain may alter the growth and differentiation of neurological cells resulting in unfavorable pathologies. Earlier studies have provided very limited mechanistic insights of cellular and molecular mechanisms which do not mimic with human situation due to varying cell types and poses potential challenges for investigation. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of ABC transporters and heat shock proteins mediated response in human neural precursor cells (NPCs) and its lineages during proliferation and lineage differentiation against ethanol exposure.

Bioengineered humanized livers as better three-dimensional drug testing model system.

Aim: To develop appropriate humanized three-dimensional model system for drug testing.

Methods: Bioengineered humanized livers were developed in this study using human hepatic stem cells repopulation within the acellularized liver scaffolds which mimics with the natural organ anatomy and physiology. Six cytochrome P-450 probes were used to enable efficient identification of drug metabolism in bioengineered humanized livers.

Use of Biocompatible Sorafenib-gold Nanoconjugates for Reversal of Drug Resistance in Human Hepatoblatoma Cells.

The present study identifies the potential of highly biocompatible SF-GNP nano-conjugate to enhance the chemotherapeutic response to combat drug resistance in cancer cells. We developed a stable colloidal suspension of sorafenib-gold nanoconjugate (SF-GNP) of <10 nm size in aqueous medium for reverting the cancer drug resistance in SF-resistant HepG2 cells in a 3D ex-vivo model system. In-vivo biocompatibility assay of SF-GNPs showed absence of systemic toxicological effects including hematological, biochemical and histological parameters.