Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in polycystic ovarian syndrome in Indian women.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a frequent occurrence in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). We studied the frequencies and characteristics of NAFLD in PCOS women. We compared various methods of detection of advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis.

Evaluation of Multiplex PCR for Rapid Diagnosis of Female Genital Tuberculosis.

Background: Female genital tract tuberculosis (FGTB) is a very common disease in developing countries. Rapid and specific diagnosis is of paramount importance.

Purpose: To evaluate Multiplex PCR using MPB 64 and IS6110 primers directed against M.

Retained Intrauterine Bony Fragments as a Cause of Secondary Infertility in a Tertiary Level Indian Hospital.

Background: Midtrimester surgical abortions often result in retained intrauterine fetal bones and consequent secondary infertility.

Aim: To study the incidence of women presenting with retained intrauterine bones as a cause of secondary infertility in a tertiary level Indian hospital and pregnancy rates following retrieval of these fragments.

Setting And Design: Retrospective data analysis in the infertility clinic of PGIMER (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research), a tertiary level hospital of Northern India.

Chemoradiation therapy induces changes in gene promoter methylation & gene transcript expression in patients with invasive cervical cancer.

Background & Objectives: Invasive cervical cancer patients are primarily treated with chemoradiation therapy. The overall and disease-free survival in these patients is variable and depends on the tumoral response apart from the tumour stage. This study was undertaken to assess whether in vivo changes in gene promoter methylation and transcript expression in invasive cervical cancer were induced by chemoradiation.

The Role of MGIT 960 Culture Medium in Resolving the Diagnostic Dilemma for Genital Tuberculosis Patients Presenting with Infertility.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 culture medium for the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis (GTB) in women presenting with infertility.

Methods: The premenstrual endometrial biopsy samples in 300 women presenting with primary and secondary infertility were subjected to AFB smear method, histopathological examination and culture on LJ and MGIT 960 media. Detection rates were compared for diagnostic modalities and their combinations.

Ovulation Induction Using Clomiphene Citrate Using Stair - Step Regimen versus Traditional Regimen in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women - A Randomized Control Trial.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of the stair-step protocol (SSP) using clomiphene citrate (CC) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compare it with traditional regimen.

Design: This was randomized control trial.

Setting: Infertility Clinic.

Placental transfusion in preterm neonates of 30-33 weeks' gestation: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To compare effect of placental transfusion by delayed cord clamping (DCC) or cord milking (CM) with early cord clamping (ECC) on a composite of mortality or abnormal neurological status at 40 weeks' post-menstrual age (PMA) and 24-30 months' chronological age in neonates of 30-33 weeks' gestation.

Study Design: Randomized, controlled trial.

Outcomes: A composite of mortality or abnormal neurological status at 40 weeks PMA and survival free of neurodevelopmental abnormalities at 24-30 months' chronological age.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Neonates in a Level III Neonatal Unit in India.

Objective: To find out the incidence and associations of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm neonates.

Design: Descriptive cohort.

Methods: All consecutively born neonates <33 weeks gestation requiring oxygen or respiratory support during first 3 days of life were enrolled from a level III neonatal unit in Chandigarh, India.

Effect of Placental Transfusion on Iron Stores in Moderately Preterm Neonates of 30-33 weeks Gestation.

Objective: To assess the effect of placental transfusion by delayed cord clamping (DCC) of 60 s or cord milking (CM) on serum ferritin levels at hospital discharge and 3 mo of postmenstrual age (PMA) in preterm neonates of 30 to 33 wk gestation in comparison to early cord clamping (ECC) within 10 s.

Methods: This mixed longitudinal study was conducted in moderately preterm neonates of 30 to 33 wk gestation born in a level III unit in Northern India with the study sample nested within a randomized controlled trial on placental transfusion. Intervention was delayed cord clamping for 60 s or cord milking compared with early cord clamping (within 10 s).

Randomized Controlled Trial on Effect of Intermittent Early Versus Late Kangaroo Mother Care on Human Milk Feeding in Low-Birth-Weight Neonates.

Background: Breastfeeding at discharge among sick low-birth-weight (LBW) infants is low despite counseling and intervention like kangaroo mother care (KMC). Research aim: The aim was to study the effects of early initiation of KMC on exclusive human milk feeding, growth, mortality, and morbidities in LBW neonates compared with late initiation of KMC during the hospital stay and postdischarge.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in level 2 and 3 areas of a tertiary care neonatal unit over 15 months.

Association of Mycoplasma genitalium with infertility in North Indian women.

Objectives: Data regarding the association of Mycoplasma genitalium with infertility is scarce. This study was planned to look for the presence and association of M. genitalium in women with infertility.

Vitamin-D Deficiency Is Associated with Gallbladder Stasis Among Pregnant Women.

Background: Pregnant women are at increased risk of gallbladder (GB) stasis, an important risk factor for gallstones (GS). In non-pregnant women, Vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) is associated with GB stasis, which improves on supplementation. Relationship of VDD with GB stasis among pregnant women is not known.

Utility of SPECT/CT in Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in a Case of Vulvar Carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Minimally invasive sentinel node biopsy is associated with significantly less morbidity and has been evaluated in several studies in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Accurate identification of the sentinel lymph nodes is possible in most of the patients. Hybrid SPECT/CT is a newer modality which has been shown to improve the localization of the suspicious lesions and also provide anatomical information of the involved lymph nodes.

Surveillance without chemotherapy in a woman with recurrent molar pregnancy.

A 27-year-old fouth gravida patient with previous two partial molar pregnancies and one missed abortion underwent a suction evacuation for partial molar pregnancy at 9 weeks of gestation. She was followed up with serum HCG values. Though the HCG level reduced from a pre-evacuation value of 1 40 223-31 157 mIU/ml 1 week post procedure, the levels continued to be positive in low titres 6 months after suction evacuation.

Tamoxifen: An alternative to clomiphene in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Clomiphene citrate is commonly used for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory infertility. However, pregnancy rates with this drug are not as good as ovulation rates. Tamoxifen may be a better choice in some patients who fail to either ovulate or conceive with clomiphene due to its favorable effect on the cervical mucus and endometrium.

Renal hematoma: an unusual cause of acute abdomen and fetal demise in severe pre-eclampsia.

Retroperitoneal hematoma occurs rarely in an obstetric patient. Renal hematoma may present with signs and symptoms, which may mimic the clinical presentation of abruptio placentae or rupture uterus. Although renal hematoma is sometimes a surgical emergency due to hypovolemic shock, conservative management by angiographic embolization may be done.

Second trimester abortion in women with and without previous uterine scar: Eleven years experience from a developing country.

Objectives: To study the safety of second trimester abortion in women with previous uterine scar.

Methods: We screened the records of 518 women who underwent an abortion between 12 and 20 weeks' gestation at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, from January 2000 to December 2010. Methods used for abortion were: (i) vaginal misoprostol with or without pre-treatment with mifepristone, and (ii) intracervical dinoprostol gel or vaginal misoprostol ± extra-amniotic saline ± oxytocin infusion.

Management of massive hemorrhage in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia by angiographic embolization: a safer alternative.

Objective: To assess the usefulness of angiographic embolization in hemorrhage due to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease within the time period 2002-2008.

Results: Eight women with GTN presented with massive hemorrhage during this time period.

Fine needle aspiration cytology in sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary: a series of three cases.

Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) of the ovary is a distinct subtype of sex cord-stromal tumor, which is derived from the ovarian stroma and, in turn, from the sex cords of the embryonic gonads. It is a benign tumor, predominantly, unilateral in nature and mostly involves the right side of the ovary. Histopathological features are characteristic and are well described in the literature; however to the best of our knowledge fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has not been described previously.

In vitro effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ligands on gene expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells.

This in vitro study demonstrates the comparative anti-inflammatory effects of rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ(2) in endometriosis and provides evidence for exploitation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ as a therapeutic target.

Implication of the RAGE-EN-RAGE axis in endometriosis.

Objective: To investigate the involvement of the receptor gene for advanced glycation (RAGE), its ligand EN-RAGE, and COX-2 in endometriosis.

Methods: The mRNA and protein expression of the corresponding genes were determined from endometriotic cells from 28 study patients and healthy endometrial stromal cells from 20 controls by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively, using beta-actin as an invariant control.

Results: The expression of COX-2, RAGE, and EN-RAGE was significantly increased, as evidenced by the significantly greater mRNA and protein expression in the cells of the study patients (P<0.

In vitro effects of atorvastatin on lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression in endometriotic stromal cells.

Objective: To investigate the in vitro effects of atorvastatin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced gene expression in endometrial-endometriotic stromal cells.

Design: In vitro experimental study using flow cytometry, ELISA, semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot.

Setting: Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research.