Immunohistochemical evaluation of infiltrating immune cells in endometrial biopsy of female genital tuberculosis.

Background: Female Genital Tuberculosis (FGTB) causes infertility in a large number of females in developing countries. Presence of granuloma on histopathological examination of endometrial samples is diagnostic of FGTB. But immunohistochemical evaluation of endometrial aspirates has not been explored before.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in polycystic ovarian syndrome in Indian women.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a frequent occurrence in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). We studied the frequencies and characteristics of NAFLD in PCOS women. We compared various methods of detection of advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis.

Evaluation of Multiplex PCR for Rapid Diagnosis of Female Genital Tuberculosis.

Background: Female genital tract tuberculosis (FGTB) is a very common disease in developing countries. Rapid and specific diagnosis is of paramount importance.

Purpose: To evaluate Multiplex PCR using MPB 64 and IS6110 primers directed against M.

Retained Intrauterine Bony Fragments as a Cause of Secondary Infertility in a Tertiary Level Indian Hospital.

Background: Midtrimester surgical abortions often result in retained intrauterine fetal bones and consequent secondary infertility.

Aim: To study the incidence of women presenting with retained intrauterine bones as a cause of secondary infertility in a tertiary level Indian hospital and pregnancy rates following retrieval of these fragments.

Setting And Design: Retrospective data analysis in the infertility clinic of PGIMER (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research), a tertiary level hospital of Northern India.

In vitro assessment of cord blood-derived proinsulin-specific regulatory T cells for cellular therapy in type 1 diabetes.

Background: Antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) have proven to be effective in reversing established autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Cord blood (CB) can serve as an efficient and safe source for Tregs for antigen-specific immunomodulation in T1D, a strategy that is yet to be explored. Therefore, we assessed the potential of CB in generation of proinsulin (PI)-specific Tregs by using HLA class II tetramers.

Chemoradiation therapy induces changes in gene promoter methylation & gene transcript expression in patients with invasive cervical cancer.

Background & Objectives: Invasive cervical cancer patients are primarily treated with chemoradiation therapy. The overall and disease-free survival in these patients is variable and depends on the tumoral response apart from the tumour stage. This study was undertaken to assess whether in vivo changes in gene promoter methylation and transcript expression in invasive cervical cancer were induced by chemoradiation.

The Role of MGIT 960 Culture Medium in Resolving the Diagnostic Dilemma for Genital Tuberculosis Patients Presenting with Infertility.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 culture medium for the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis (GTB) in women presenting with infertility.

Methods: The premenstrual endometrial biopsy samples in 300 women presenting with primary and secondary infertility were subjected to AFB smear method, histopathological examination and culture on LJ and MGIT 960 media. Detection rates were compared for diagnostic modalities and their combinations.

Significance of CD133 positive cells in four novel HPV-16 positive cervical cancer-derived cell lines and biopsies of invasive cervical cancer.

Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality in women in the developing world. Cancer Stem cells (CSC) have been implicated in treatment resistance and metastases development; hence understanding their significance is important.

Methods: Primary culture from tissue biopsies of invasive cervical cancer and serial passaging was performed for establishing cell lines.

Ovulation Induction Using Clomiphene Citrate Using Stair - Step Regimen versus Traditional Regimen in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women - A Randomized Control Trial.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of the stair-step protocol (SSP) using clomiphene citrate (CC) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compare it with traditional regimen.

Design: This was randomized control trial.

Setting: Infertility Clinic.

Placental transfusion in preterm neonates of 30-33 weeks' gestation: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To compare effect of placental transfusion by delayed cord clamping (DCC) or cord milking (CM) with early cord clamping (ECC) on a composite of mortality or abnormal neurological status at 40 weeks' post-menstrual age (PMA) and 24-30 months' chronological age in neonates of 30-33 weeks' gestation.

Study Design: Randomized, controlled trial.

Outcomes: A composite of mortality or abnormal neurological status at 40 weeks PMA and survival free of neurodevelopmental abnormalities at 24-30 months' chronological age.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Neonates in a Level III Neonatal Unit in India.

Objective: To find out the incidence and associations of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm neonates.

Design: Descriptive cohort.

Methods: All consecutively born neonates <33 weeks gestation requiring oxygen or respiratory support during first 3 days of life were enrolled from a level III neonatal unit in Chandigarh, India.

Effect of Placental Transfusion on Iron Stores in Moderately Preterm Neonates of 30-33 weeks Gestation.

Objective: To assess the effect of placental transfusion by delayed cord clamping (DCC) of 60 s or cord milking (CM) on serum ferritin levels at hospital discharge and 3 mo of postmenstrual age (PMA) in preterm neonates of 30 to 33 wk gestation in comparison to early cord clamping (ECC) within 10 s.

Methods: This mixed longitudinal study was conducted in moderately preterm neonates of 30 to 33 wk gestation born in a level III unit in Northern India with the study sample nested within a randomized controlled trial on placental transfusion. Intervention was delayed cord clamping for 60 s or cord milking compared with early cord clamping (within 10 s).

Randomized Controlled Trial on Effect of Intermittent Early Versus Late Kangaroo Mother Care on Human Milk Feeding in Low-Birth-Weight Neonates.

Background: Breastfeeding at discharge among sick low-birth-weight (LBW) infants is low despite counseling and intervention like kangaroo mother care (KMC). Research aim: The aim was to study the effects of early initiation of KMC on exclusive human milk feeding, growth, mortality, and morbidities in LBW neonates compared with late initiation of KMC during the hospital stay and postdischarge.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in level 2 and 3 areas of a tertiary care neonatal unit over 15 months.

Weekly iron folic acid supplementation plays differential role in maintaining iron markers level in non-anaemic and anaemic primigravida: A randomized controlled study.

Unlabelled: Anaemia during pregnancy is most commonly observed and highly prevalent in South-East Asia. Various effective programmes have been laid down for its management, mainly daily supplementation of iron folic acid (IFA) tablets. Following the same, standard obstetrical practice has included the IFA supplementation without requiring the determination of iron deficiency.

Secretory cell outgrowths, p53 signatures, and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma in the fallopian tubes of patients with sporadic pelvic serous carcinoma.

Context: High-grade serous carcinomas of ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal origin are together referred as pelvic serous carcinoma. The fallopian tubes, ovarian surface epithelium, and the tuboperitoneal junctional epithelium are all implicated in pelvic serous carcinogenesis.

Aims: The aim of this study is to identify putative precursor lesions of serous carcinoma including secretory cell outgrowths (SCOUTs), serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), and p53 signatures and assign its probable site of origin.

Stillbirths: progress and unfinished business.

This first paper of the Lancet Series on ending preventable stillbirths reviews progress in essential areas, identified in the 2011 call to action for stillbirth prevention, to inform the integrated post-2015 agenda for maternal and newborn health. Worldwide attention to babies who die in stillbirth is rapidly increasing, from integration within the new Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health, to country policies inspired by the Every Newborn Action Plan. Supportive new guidance and metrics including stillbirth as a core health indicator and measure of quality of care are emerging.

Association of Mycoplasma genitalium with infertility in North Indian women.

Objectives: Data regarding the association of Mycoplasma genitalium with infertility is scarce. This study was planned to look for the presence and association of M. genitalium in women with infertility.

Vitamin-D Deficiency Is Associated with Gallbladder Stasis Among Pregnant Women.

Background: Pregnant women are at increased risk of gallbladder (GB) stasis, an important risk factor for gallstones (GS). In non-pregnant women, Vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) is associated with GB stasis, which improves on supplementation. Relationship of VDD with GB stasis among pregnant women is not known.

Spontaneous choledochal cyst perforation in pregnancy with co-existent chronic pancreatitis.

Choledochal cysts are a congenital disorder of the bile duct, usually presenting in childhood. As they cause weakening of the wall of the bile duct, any distal obstruction, infection or reflux of amylase-rich fluid in the biliary tract can predispose to spontaneous perforation. A 25-year-old pregnant woman at 35 weeks of gestation presented with acute abdominal and fetal distress.

A randomised controlled trial of exercise and hot water bottle in the management of dysmenorrhoea in school girls of Chandigarh, India.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhoea among school girls and to compare the impact of exercise and hot water bottle on the occurrence and severity of primary dysmenorrhoea among the study population.

Material And Methods: A cross sectional study was done to estimate the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea in two schools of Chandigarh, India. For the Randomised Controlled Trial, group randomisation of the two schools was done into 2 intervention groups (exercise & hot water bottle groups).

Utility of SPECT/CT in Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in a Case of Vulvar Carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Minimally invasive sentinel node biopsy is associated with significantly less morbidity and has been evaluated in several studies in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Accurate identification of the sentinel lymph nodes is possible in most of the patients. Hybrid SPECT/CT is a newer modality which has been shown to improve the localization of the suspicious lesions and also provide anatomical information of the involved lymph nodes.

First hour initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks: prevalence and predictors in a tertiary care setting.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of first hour breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding at 6 wk and identify its barriers in healthy term babies born in a tertiary hospital setting.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was carried out in consecutively selected 400 mothers who delivered (normal, instrumental or cesarean) term healthy babies in a tertiary care hospital setting. All mother-infant dyads were enrolled within 48 h of delivery.

Levonorgestrel intrauterine system: Current role in management of heavy menstrual bleeding.

A review of literature was conducted to report on the effectiveness of levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in women with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). The relevant data were obtained by computerized searches of PubMed up to December 2012 and other references available with the authors. Information was obtained from references listed.

Macroprolactinemia in hyperprolactinemic infertile women.

Hyperprolactinemia occurs in 15-20 % of women with menstrual disturbances and 30-40 % of infertile women and it can adversely affect the fertility. High molecular weight prolactin (macroprolactin) has long been known in hyperprolactinemic fertile women. However, the prevalence of macroprolactinemia in hyperprolactinemic infertile women is not known.