Overview of the development, characterization, and function of human types 1, 2, and 3 innate lymphoid cells.

Hematopoiesis is characterized by the differentiation and maturation of multipotent stem cells into hematopoietic cells. Common lymphoid progenitor cells differentiate into B and T lymphocytes; natural killer cells can also originate from common lymphoid progenitors. In recent years, a cellular subtype of lymphocytes, called innate lymphocytes, has been described.

ROR1 expression in mature B lymphoid neoplasms by flow cytometry.

Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry is an integral part of the diagnosis and classification of leukemias/lymphomas. The expression of ROR1 associated with chronic B lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is well described in the literature, both in its diagnosis and in the follow-up of minimal residual disease (MRD) research, however, there are few studies regarding the expression pattern of ROR1 in other subtypes of mature B lymphoid neoplasms. With the aim of evaluating the expression of ROR1 and associating it with the expression of other important markers for the differentiation of mature B lymphoid neoplasms (MBLN), 767 samples of cases that entered our laboratory for immunophenotyping with clinical suspicion of MBLN were studied.

Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to Vaccination for COVID-19 Are Negatively Impacted by Senescent T Cells: A Case Report.

Background: Herein, we aimed to follow up on the cellular and humoral immune responses of a group of individuals who initially received the CoronaVac vaccine, followed by a booster with the Pfizer vaccine.

Methods: Blood samples were collected: before and 30 days after the first CoronaVac dose; 30, 90, and 180 days after the second CoronaVac dose, and also 20 days after the booster with the Pfizer vaccine.

Results: Whilst the positivity to gamma interferon-type cellular response increased after the first CoronaVac dose, neutralizing and IgG antibody levels only raised 30 days after the second dose, followed by a drop in these responses after 90 and 180 days.

How I investigate minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) is the most important independent prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and refers to the deep level of measurable disease in cases with complete remission by conventional pathologic analysis, especially by cytomorphology. MRD can be detected by multiparametric flow cytometry, molecular approaches such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction for immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor (IG/TR) gene rearrangements or fusion genes transcript, and high-throughput sequencing for IG/TR. Despite the proven clinical usefulness in detecting MRD, these methods have differences in sensitivity, specificity, applicability, turnaround time and cost.

Performance of eight-color dry antibody reagent in the detection of minimal residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples.

Background: Minimal residual disease (MRD) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has prognostic and predictive significance. One of the approaches to detect MRD by flow cytometry (FC) is the use of dry antibody reagents such as DuraClone® RE CLB (Beckman Coulter-BC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the DuraClone® RE CLB in detecting MRD in CLL compared to liquid reagents.

Bone Marrow Monocytes and Derived Dendritic Cells from Myelodysplastic Patients Have Functional Abnormalities Associated with Defective Response to Bacterial Infection.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic stem cell diseases characterized by dysplasia of one or more hematologic lineages and a high risk of developing into acute myeloid leukemia. MDS patients have recurrent bacterial infections and abnormal expression of CD56 by monocytes. We investigated MDS patients' bone marrow CD56/CD56 monocytes and their in vitro-derived dendritic cell populations in comparison with cells obtained from disease-free subjects.

Myelodysplastic syndrome: validation of flow cytometry multilineage score system.

Objective: To validate multilineage score system correlating results of flow cytometry, cytogenetics, cytomorphology and histology from samples of patients with suspected myelodysplastic syndrome or cytopenia of unknown origin.

Methods: A retrospective study analyzing laboratory data of 49 patients with suspected myelodysplastic syndrome or cytopenia of unknown origin, carried out between May and September 2017. The inclusion criteria were availability of flow cytometry results, and at least one more method, such as morphology, histology or cytogenetics.

The Use of Flow Cytometry in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Review.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic stem cell diseases categorized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages, as well as cytopenia and functional abnormalities in bone marrow cells. Several MDS classification methods have been proposed to categorize the disease and help professionals better plan in patients' treatment. The World Health Organization classification, released in 2008 and revised in 2016, is the currently and the most used classification method worldwide.

Technical advances in flow cytometry-based diagnosis and monitoring of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Objective:: To discuss the implementation of technical advances in laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria for validation of high-sensitivity flow cytometry protocols.

Methods:: A retrospective study based on analysis of laboratory data from 745 patient samples submitted to flow cytometry for diagnosis and/or monitoring of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Results:: Implementation of technical advances reduced test costs and improved flow cytometry resolution for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone detection.