Unraveling the binding behavior of the antifouling biocide 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one with human serum albumin: Multi-spectroscopic, atomic force microscope, computational simulation, and esterase activity.

As a marine antifouling biocide, 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) exhibited high toxicity to marine organisms. This study investigated the interaction between DCOIT and human serum albumin (HSA) using several spectroscopic techniques combined with computer prediction methods. The UV-vis absorption spectra, Stern-Volmer constant (K) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) results indicated that DCOIT caused static quenching of HSA fluorescence.

Photocatalytic degradation of sulfonamides in suspensions of coral-like graphene carbon nitride with nitrogen vacancies.

Sulfonamides (SNs) belong to a category of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which have attracted growing concerns owing to the adverse effects on ecosystem. In this paper, coral-like graphitic carbon nitrides with nitrogen vacancies were prepared by polymerization of melamine in the presence of NHCl, and the effect of NHCl amount on the structure and photocatalytic performance of g-CN in degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfathiazole (STZ) was systematically studied. It was found that the addition of NHCl results in the formation of coral-like g-CN with nitrogen vacancies, and optimal photocatalyst (PCN-1 sample) prepared with a melamine to NHCl mass ratio of 1:1 showed the highest photocatalytic activity towards SNs degradation due to the quick electron-hole migration, efficient separation capacity and excellent photoelectric properties.

Functional polymer brushes for anti-microplastic pollution.

Image 1.

Effects of switching redox conditions on sediment phosphorus immobilization by calcium/aluminum composite capping: Performance, ecological safety and mechanisms.

There many materials were used in lake restoration to immobilize phosphorus (P) and reduce the effect of eutrophication. Among them, calcium/aluminum composite (CAC) showed a good capacity of P adsorption. However, a comprehensive of its performance, ecological safety, and the mechanism of P passivation in the aluminum-bound P (Al -P) dominated sediments under varying redox conditions remains incomplete.

Research progress on eco-friendly superhydrophobic materials in environment, energy and biology.

In the past few years, bioinspired eco-friendly superhydrophobic materials (EFSMs) have made great breakthroughs, especially in the fields of environment, energy and biology, which have made remarkable contributions to the sustainable development of the natural environment. However, some potential challenges still exist, which urgently need to be systematically summarized to guide the future development of this field. Herein, in this review, initially, we discuss the five typical superhydrophobic models, namely, the Wenzel, Cassie, Wenzel-Cassie, "lotus", and "gecko" models.

Quantitative analysis of glutathione and cysteine S-conjugates of microcystin-LR in the liver, kidney and muscle of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Lake Taihu.

Tissue distribution of microcystin (MC)-LR-GSH, MC-LR-Cys and MC-LR of omnivorous fish in Lake Taihu was investigated. MC-LR and MC-LR-Cys were detected in liver, kidney and muscle. The concentration of MC-LR in liver and kidney was 0.

The temporal distribution, source and potential toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a sediment core from an urban lake in Wuhan, China.

The urban lakes in China, especially those with relatively small areas and closed watersheds, have suffered from serious pollution and are at a high risk of eutrophication due to the small amount of concern given to them. The temporal distribution profile, source apportionment and potential toxicity of parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs (APAHs) in a sediment core from an urban shallow lake with the above specifications, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, were investigated in the present study. Parent PAHs, especially 4-6 ring ones, were dominant in the sediment core.

Rapid conversion and reversible conjugation of glutathione detoxification of microcystins in bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis).

The glutathione and cysteine conjugates of microcystin (MC-GSH and MC-Cys, respectively) are two important metabolites in the detoxification of microcystins (MCs). Although studies have quantitated both conjugates, the reason why the amounts of MC-GSH are much lower than those of MC-Cys in various animal organs remains unknown. In this study, MC-RR-GSH and MC-RR-Cys were respectively i.

Why mammals more susceptible to the hepatotoxic microcystins than fish: evidences from plasma and albumin protein binding through equilibrium dialysis.

To elucidate the interspecies variation of susceptibility to microcystins (MCs), fresh plasma and purified albumin from six kinds of mammals and fish were used in toxins-substances binding test. Protein contents in the test plasma were analyzed and the binding characteristics to MCs were compared. Two kinds of widely observed MCs, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and microcystin-RR (MC-RR) were tested and data were collected through the method of equilibrium dialysis.

Preliminary study of the distribution and accumulation of GSH/Cys metabolites of hepatotoxic microcystins-RR in common carp from a lake with protracted cyanobacterial bloom (Lake Taihu, China).

Tissue distributions and seasonal dynamics of glutathione and cysteine S-conjugates of microcystin-RR in feral fish from Lake Taihu were studied. High MC-RR-Cys was found in tissues, Mean MC-RR-Cys in kidney (0.253 μg g(-1) DW) was 4 times of that in liver (0.

Metabolic response to oral microcystin-LR exposure in the rat by NMR-based metabonomic study.

Microcystin-LR (MCLR), a potent hepatotoxin, is causing increased risks to public health. Although the liver is the main target organ of MCLR, the metabolic profiling of liver in response to MCLR in vivo remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the metabolic change of liver and ileal flushes in rat orally gavaged with MCLR by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystins through the glutathione and cysteine pathway in the cyanobacteria-eating bighead carp.

Glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) conjugation have long been recognized to be important in the detoxification of microcystins (MCs) in animal organs, however, studies quantitatively estimating this process are rare, especially those simultaneously determining multiple toxins and their metabolites. This paper, for the first time, simultaneously quantified MC-LR (leucine arginine), MC-RR (arginine arginine), MCLR-GSH/Cys and MCRR-GSH/Cys in the liver, kidney, intestine and muscle of the cyanobacteria-eating bighead carp i.p.

Use of a generalized additive model to investigate key abiotic factors affecting microcystin cellular quotas in heavy bloom areas of Lake Taihu.

Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China and is suffering from serious cyanobacterial blooms with the associated drinking water contamination by microcystin (MC) for millions of citizens. So far, most studies on MCs have been limited to two small bays, while systematic research on the whole lake is lacking. To explain the variations in MC concentrations during cyanobacterial bloom, a large-scale survey at 30 sites across the lake was conducted monthly in 2008.

Protein expression profiling in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to the microcystin-LR.

Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR) is the most toxic and the most commonly encountered variant of microcystins (MCs) in aquatic environment, and it has the potential for developmental toxicity. A number of previous studies have described the developing toxicity of MCLR based on conventional toxicological indices. However, the molecular mechanisms by which it expresses its toxicity during the early development remain largely unknown.

Factors affecting temporal and spatial variations of microcystins in Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu, with potential risk of microcystin contamination to human health.

A field survey of the seasonal variation of microcystin (MC) concentration was performed in Gonghu Bay (a total of 15 sampling sites) of Lake Taihu from January to December 2008. Microcystis spp. biomass and intra-/extracellular MCs were significantly correlated with water temperature, suggesting the importance of temperature in cyanobacterial blooming in the lake.

Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous quantitation of microcystin-RR and its metabolites in fish liver.

A novel method for identification and quantification of microcystin-RR (MC-RR) and its metabolites (MC-RR-GSH and MC-RR-Cys) in the fish liver was developed and validated. These analytes were simultaneously extracted from fish liver using water containing EDTA with 5% acetic acid, followed by a mixed-mode cation-exchange SPE (Oasis MCX) and subsequently determined by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-ITMS). Extraction parameters including volume and pH of eluting solvents, were optimized.