Increased Thyroid Hormone Action Alleviates Hippocampal Damage by Downregulating Neuronal Type I Interferon Signaling/Necroptosis in Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction.

Thyroid dysfunction plays an important role in the pathology of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD). However, thyroid hormone (TH) signaling and action changes in DACD brains remain unknown. This study evaluated the alternations in TH signaling and action in the brains of DACD mice and explored the beneficial effects of levothyroxine (L-T4) treatment.

Imbalance of Autophagy and Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress May Be Involved in Thyroid Damage Caused by Sleep Deprivation in Rats.

Many studies have shown that sleep deprivation can affect a wide range of tissues and organs, and most of these effects are related to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can cause functional and morphological changes in cells, which are closely related to autophagy and apoptosis. In this study, we examined changes in thyroid morphology and function, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in rats after sleep deprivation.

Semiconductor ZnO based photosensitizer core-shell upconversion nanoparticle heterojunction for photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a noninvasive technique is widely used to treat cancer diseases due to its low side effects. PDT based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) improved tissue penetration and photo-stability. However, traditional photosensitizers and UCNPs were difficult to incorporate, which limited the circulation of the UCNPs in blood and decreased the PDT effect.

High catalytic efficiency from Er-doped CeO nanoprobes for acute oxidative damage and inflammation therapy.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) due to their advanced catalytic performance have been widely used to treat oxidative damage. However, Ce2O3 NPs have not been further investigated in the treatment of acute oxidative injury in vivo. It is meaningful to improve the efficiency for treatment of acute oxidative injury with NPs in vivo.

Defending Effects of Iodide Transfer in Placental Barrier Against Maternal Iodine Deficiency.

Placental iodide transport is necessary for maintaining an adequate iodide supply to the developing fetus. We hypothesized that compounds from the placental barrier can compensate for decreases in maternal iodine intake and normalize fetal iodine levels. Pregnant rats administered different amounts of iodine (1.

Trimester-Specific Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women with Different Iodine Statuses.

Objectives: To explore trimester-specific thyroid function changes under different iodine statuses throughout pregnancy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the pregnancy iodine status, and 2,378 healthy pregnant women covering all 3 trimesters were recruited. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured by collecting spot urine samples.

Compound Danshen Dripping Pills Prevented Leptin Deficiency-Induced Hepatic ER Stress, Stimulated Autophagy, and Improved Insulin Resistance of ob/ob Mice.

Compound Danshen dripping pills (CDDP) is widely used for the treatment of coronary arteriosclerosis and ischemic heart diseases for decades of years. In our study, we interestingly discovered the effects and mechanism of CDDP on insulin resistance that increase the risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Effects of CDDP on fasting blood glucose, the insulin tolerance test (ITT), the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hepatic function, and underlying mechanism were analyzed in ob/ob mice.

Autophagy Triggered by Oxidative Stress Appears to Be Mediated by the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in the Liver of Sleep-Deprived Rats.

Sleep deprivation adversely affects the digestive system. Multiple studies have suggested sleep deprivation and oxidative stress are closely related. Autophagy can be triggered by oxidative stress as a self-defense strategy to promote survival.

Variation of iodine concentration in breast milk and urine in exclusively breastfeeding women and their infants during the first 24 wk after childbirth.

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the variation of iodine concentration in breast milk and urine in exclusively breastfeeding women and their infants during the first 24 wk after childbirth.

Methods: In all, 634 exclusively breastfeeding mother-infant pairs were enrolled at hospital and followed at the 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 wk postpartum. Spot infant urinary iodine concentration (I-UIC), maternal urinary iodine concentration UIC (M-UIC), and breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) in bilateral breasts were measured.

Excessive iodine intake is associated with formation of thyroid nodules in pregnant Chinese women.

In recent decades, the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs) has steadily increased in pregnant women. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate associations between TNs and iodine intake in pregnant women. From March 2016 to May 2017, serum and spot urine samples, as well as demographic data and medical history, were collected from 2353 pregnant women.

Inhibition of SphK2 Stimulated Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Associated with Dephosphorylation and Deacetylation of STAT3.

Background: Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is considered as a potential target for developing novel therapeutics of cancer and other diseases including diabetes. As the major SphK isoform in the liver, much less is known the role of SphK2 involved in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism.

Method: In this study, RNA interference, real time RT-PCR, western blot and immunoprecipitation method was used to investigate the regulation of SphK2 in hepatic glucose metabolism.

Anthropometry-based 24-h urinary creatinine excretion reference for Chinese children.

To establish 24-h urinary creatinine excretion reference ranges based on anthropometry in healthy Chinese children, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using twice-sampled 24-h urine and anthropometric variables. Age- and sex-specific 24-h creatinine excretion reference ranges (crude and related to individual anthropometric variables) were derived. During October 2013 and May 2014, urine samples were collected.

[Impact of deep slow-wave sleep deprivation on oxidative stress response of the testis tissue in rats].

Objective: To investigate the influence of deep slow-wave sleep deprivation on the oxidative stress of testicular tissue in rats.

Methods: Thirty-six 5-week-old male Wistar rats were equally randomized into deep slow-wave sleep deprivation group (SD1), deep slow-wave sleep and duration sleep deprivation group ( SD2), and a cage control group (CC). The rat model of deep slow-wave sleep deprivation was established using the flowerpot technique.

Thyroid function alterations attributed to high iodide supplementation in maternal rats and their offspring.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate thyroid function alterations attributed to high iodide supplementation in maternal rats and their offspring.

Methods: Depending on their iodide intake, the pregnant rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal iodide intake (NI), 10 times high iodide intake (10 HI) and 100 times high iodide intake (100 HI) groups. Iodine concentration in the urine and maternal milk; iodine content and mitochondrial superoxide production; expression of TRα1, TRβ1, NIS and Dio1 in both the thyroid and mammary glands were all measured.

β-Sheet Breaker Peptide-HPYD for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Primary Studies on Behavioral Test and Transcriptional Profiling.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by cognitive loss. Most researchers believe that aggregation and accumulation of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) in brain cells are the central pathological hallmark of this disease. Based on the amyloid hypothesis, a 10 amino acids β-sheet breaker peptide HPYD (His-Lys-Gln-Leu-Pro-Phe-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Asp) was designed according to the structure and sequence of the previous designed peptide H102.

Urinary iodine in early pregnancy is associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in Tianjin, China: an observational study.

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes and neurodevelopment disorders. Both iodine deficiency and excess are associated with SH; however, few data regarding iodine nutrition status of pregnant women with SH are available. This study aimed to clarify whether iodine deficiency or excess is associated with SH, especially, when test results for anti-thyroid autoantibodies are negative.

Activation of the Nrf2-Keap 1 Pathway in Short-Term Iodide Excess in Thyroid in Rats.

Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups of varying iodide intake: normal iodide; 10 times high iodide; and 100 times high iodide on Days 7, 14, and 28. Insignificant changes were observed in thyroid hormone levels ( > 0.05).

Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) estimated by iodine/creatinine ratio from spot urine in Chinese school-age children.

Objective: To assess the validity of urinary iodine excretion (UIE) estimated by urinary iodine/creatinine ratio (UI/Cr) from spot urines in Chinese school-age children.

Design: A cross-sectional survey was performed in which twice-repeated collections of 24-h urine, and spot urine samples were obtained within 1 month.

Measurements: Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), urinary creatinine concentration (UCr), urine volume (Uvol) of spot and 24-h urine samples were measured.

Effect of salt reduction on iodine status assessed by 24 hour urinary iodine excretion in children and their families in northern China: a substudy of a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To study the effect of salt reduction on iodine status and to determine whether iodine consumption was still adequate after salt reduction in a population where universal salt iodisation is mandatory.

Design: A substudy of a cluster randomised controlled trial, with schools randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group.

Setting: 28 primary schools in Changzhi, northern China.

24-Hour Urine Samples Are More Reproducible Than Spot Urine Samples for Evaluation of Iodine Status in School-Age Children.

Background: Variation in different urinary measurements for evaluation of iodine status is of concern to clinicians and researchers.

Objective: This study evaluated variations between urine iodine concentration (UIC), spot and 24-h urine sample creatinine concentrations, and 24-h urine iodine excretion (24-h UIE) in repeated samples from school-age children.

Methods: Urine samples (24 h and morning spot) were collected on 2 occasions from 981 children in Ningjin and Lingxian counties, China.

Metallothionein-I/II Knockout Mice Aggravate Mitochondrial Superoxide Production and Peroxiredoxin 3 Expression in Thyroid after Excessive Iodide Exposure.

Purpose: We aim to figure out the effect of metallothioneins on iodide excess induced oxidative stress in the thyroid.

Methods: Eight-week-old MT-I/II knockout (MT-I/II KO) mice and background-matched wild-type (WT) mice were used. Mitochondrial superoxide production and peroxiredoxin (Prx) 3 expression were measured.

Feasibility of β-sheet breaker peptide-H102 treatment for Alzheimer's disease based on β-amyloid hypothesis.

β-amyloid hypothesis is the predominant hypothesis in the study of pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. This hypothesis claims that aggregation and neurotoxic effects of amyloid β (Aβ) is the common pathway in a variety of etiological factors for Alzheimer's disease. Aβ peptide derives from amyloid precursor protein (APP).

Expression of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1c1 and monocarboxylate transporter 8 in the rat placental barrier and the compensatory response to thyroid dysfunction.

Thyroid hormones (THs) must pass from mother to fetus for normal fetal development and require the expression of placental TH transporters. We investigate the compensatory effect of placental organic anion transporting polypeptide 1c1 (Oatp1c1) and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8) on maternal thyroid dysfunction. We describe the expressions of these two transporters in placental barriers and trophoblastic cell populations in euthyroidism and thyroid dysfunction resulting from differential iodine nutrition at gestation day (GD) 16 and 20, that is, before and after the onset of fetal thyroid function.

Unmyelinated axon loss with postnatal hypertonia after fetal hypoxia.

Objective: White matter (WM) injury due to myelination defects is believed to be responsible for the motor deficits seen in cerebral palsy. We tested the hypothesis that the predominant injury is to functional electrical connectivity in unmyelinated WM fibers by conducting a longitudinal study of central WM tracts in newborn rabbit kits with hypertonia in our model of cerebral palsy.

Methods: Pregnant rabbits at 70% gestation underwent 40-minute uterine ischemia.

[The combined effects of beta-sheet breaker and hUCMSC on APP transgenic mice].

Objective: To study the effect of combining the injection of beta-sheet breaker H102 with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) on APP transgenic mice behavior, P-tau, apoptosis and the expression of relevant enzymes in the brain.

Methods: APP transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group, hUCMSC group, H102 group, H102 with hUCMSC group and a group of C57BL/6J mice with the same age and background was set as normal. After two weeks and four weeks, the ability of spatial reference memory was tested by Morris Water Maze.