Importance of phenotypic plasticity in crop resilience.

This article comments on: Guo T, Wei J, Li X, Yu J. 2024. Environmental context of phenotypic plasticity in flowering time in sorghum and rice.

Detailing Early Shoot Growth Arrest in Kro-0 x BG-5 Hybrids of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Shoot growth directly impacts plant productivity. Plants adjust their shoot growth in response to varying environments to maximize resource capture and stress resilience. While several factors controlling shoot growth are known, the complexity of the regulation and the input of the environment are not fully understood.

Formation, Characterization, and Bonding of - and -[PtCl{Te(CH)}], -[PtCl{Te(CH)}], and --[PtCl{Te(CH)}]: Experimental and DFT Study.

[PtCl{Te(CH)}] () was synthesized from the cyclic telluroether Te(CH) and -[PtCl(NCPh)] in dichloromethane at room temperature under the exclusion of light. The crystal structure determination showed that in the solid state, crystallizes as yellow plate-like crystals of the -isomer and the orange-red interwoven needles of . The crystals could be separated under the microscope.

Predicting plasticity of rosette growth and metabolic fluxes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plants can rapidly mitigate the effects of suboptimal growth environments by phenotypic plasticity of fitness-traits. While genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity offers the means for breeding climate-resilient crop lines, accurate genomic prediction models for plasticity of fitness-related traits are still lacking. Here, we employed condition- and accession-specific metabolic models for 67 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions to dissect and predict plasticity of rosette growth to changes in nitrogen availability.

Heritability of temperature-mediated flower size plasticity in .

Phenotypic plasticity is a heritable trait that provides sessile organisms a strategy to rapidly mitigate negative effects of environmental change. Yet, we have little understanding of the mode of inheritance and genetic architecture of plasticity in different focal traits relevant to agricultural applications. This study builds on our recent discovery of genes controlling temperature-mediated flower size plasticity in and focuses on dissecting the mode of inheritance and combining ability of plasticity in the context of plant breeding.

Models and molecular mechanisms for trade-offs in the context of metabolism.

Accumulating evidence for trade-offs involving metabolic traits has demonstrated their importance in the evolution of organisms. Metabolic models with different levels of complexity have already been considered when investigating mechanisms that explain various metabolic trade-offs. Here we provide a systematic review of modelling approaches that have been used to study and explain trade-offs between: (i) the kinetic properties of individual enzymes, (ii) rates of metabolic reactions, (iii) the rate and yield of metabolic pathways and networks, (iv) different metabolic objectives in single organisms and in metabolic communities, and (v) metabolic concentrations.

Temperature-mediated flower size plasticity in Arabidopsis.

Organisms can rapidly mitigate the effects of environmental changes by changing their phenotypes, known as phenotypic plasticity. Yet, little is known about the temperature-mediated plasticity of traits that are directly linked to plant fitness such as flower size. We discovered substantial genetic variation in flower size plasticity to temperature both among selfing and outcrossing .

Strategies to identify and dissect trade-offs in plants.

Trade-offs between traits arise and reflect constraints imposed by the environment and physicochemical laws. Trade-off situations are expected to be highly relevant for sessile plants, which have to respond to changes in the environment to ensure survival. Despite increasing interest in determining the genetic and molecular basis of plant trade-offs, there are still gaps and differences with respect to how trade-offs are defined, how they are measured, and how their genetic architecture is dissected.

Relative flux trade-offs and optimization of metabolic network functionalities.

Trade-offs between traits are present across different levels of biological systems and ultimately reflect constraints imposed by physicochemical laws and the structure of underlying biochemical networks. Yet, mechanistic explanation of how trade-offs between molecular traits arise and how they relate to optimization of fitness-related traits remains elusive. Here, we introduce the concept of relative flux trade-offs and propose a constraint-based approach, termed FluTOr, to identify metabolic reactions whose fluxes are in relative trade-off with respect to an optimized fitness-related cellular task, like growth.

Experimental and computational investigation on the formation pathway of [RuCl(CO)(ERR')] (E = S, Se, Te; R, R' = Me, Ph) from [RuCl(CO)] and ERR'.

The pathways to the formation of the series of [RuCl(CO)(ERR')] (E = S, Se, Te; R, R' = Me, Ph) complexes from [RuCl(CO)] and ERR' have been explored experimentally in THF and CHCl, and computationally by PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP calculations. The end-products and some reaction intermediates have been isolated and identified by NMR spectroscopy, and their crystal structures have been determined by X-ray diffraction. The relative stabilities of the [RuCl(CO)(ERR')] isomers follow the order > > > ≈ (the terms / refer to / arrangement of the ligands in the order of Cl, CO, and ERR').

A. thaliana Hybrids Develop Growth Abnormalities through Integration of Stress, Hormone and Growth Signaling.

Hybrids between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions are important in revealing the consequences of epistatic interactions in plants. F1 hybrids between the A. thaliana accessions displaying either defense or developmental phenotypes have been revealing the roles of the underlying epistatic genes.

PE and PET oligomers' interplay with membrane bilayers.

The prevalence of microplastic pollution in nature and foodstuffs is fairly well identified. However, studies of micro- or nanoplastics' cell membrane permeation and health effects in humans are lacking. Our study focuses on examining the interactions of polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with bilayer membranes.

Plasticity of rosette size in response to nitrogen availability is controlled by an RCC1-family protein.

Nitrogen (N) is fundamental to plant growth, development and yield. Genes underlying N utilization and assimilation are well-characterized, but mechanisms underpinning plasticity of different phenotypes in response to N remain elusive. Here, using Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, we dissected the genetic architecture of plasticity in early and late rosette diameter, flowering time and yield, in response to three levels of N in the soil.

Correction: Tellurium: a maverick among the chalcogens.

Correction for 'Tellurium: a maverick among the chalcogens' by Tristram Chivers and Risto S. Laitinen, Chem. Soc.

Co-Amorphous Formulations of Furosemide with Arginine and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor Drugs.

In this study, the amino acid arginine (ARG) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors verapamil hydrochloride (VER), piperine (PIP) and quercetin (QRT) were used as co-formers for co-amorphous mixtures of a Biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class IV drug, furosemide (FUR). FUR mixtures with VER, PIP and QRT were prepared by solvent evaporation, and mixtures with ARG were prepared by spray drying in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios. The solid-state properties of the mixtures were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in stability studies under different storage conditions.

Preparation and characterization of hot-melt extruded polycaprolactone-based filaments intended for 3D-printing of tablets.

Hot-melt extruded (HME) filaments are an essential intermediate product for the three- dimensional (3D) printing of drug delivery systems (DDSs) by the fused deposition modelling (FDM) process. The aim of this study was to design novel polymeric 3D-printable HME filaments loaded with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The physical solid-state properties, mechanical properties, drug release and short-term storage stability of the filaments and 3D-printed DDSs were studied.

Chalcogen-Bonding Interactions in Telluroether Heterocycles [Te(CH ) ] (n=1-4; m=3-7).

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Risto Laitinen at University of Oulu and Wolfgang Weigand at Friedrich Schiller University Jena. The image depicts a picturesque view of the Te⋅⋅⋅Te close contacts forming infinite tubular shafts in 1,9,17,25-Te (CH ) . The cover artwork was designed and created by Marko Rodewald.

Iron-Intercalated Zirconium Diselenide Thin Films from the Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of [Fe(η-CHSe)Zr(η-CH)].

Transition metal chalcogenide thin films of the type Fe ZrSe have applications in electronic devices, but their use is limited by current synthetic techniques. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis and characterization of Fe-intercalated ZrSe thin films on quartz substrates using the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of the single-source precursor [Fe(η-CHSe)Zr(η-CH)]. Powder X-ray diffraction of the film scraping and subsequent Rietveld refinement of the data showed the successful synthesis of the FeZrSe phase, along with secondary phases of FeSe and ZrO.

Chalcogen-Bonding Interactions in Telluroether Heterocycles [Te(CH ) ] (n=1-4; m=3-7).

The Te⋅⋅⋅Te secondary bonding interactions (SBIs) in solid cyclic telluroethers were explored by preparing and structurally characterizing a series of [Te(CH ) ] (n=1-4; m=3-7) species. The SBIs in 1,7-Te (CH ) , 1,8-Te (CH ) , 1,5,9-Te (CH ) , 1,8,15-Te (CH ) , 1,7,13,19-Te (CH ) , 1,8,15,22-Te (CH ) and 1,9,17,25-Te (CH ) lead to tubular packing of the molecules, as has been observed previously for related thio- and selenoether rings. The nature of the intermolecular interactions was explored by solid-state PBE0-D3/pob-TZVP calculations involving periodic boundary conditions.

Leaf chlorosis in Arabidopsis thaliana hybrids is associated with transgenerational decline and imbalanced ribosome number.

The interaction of two parental genomes can result in negative outcomes in offspring, also known as hybrid incompatibility. We have previously reported a case in which two recessively interacting alleles result in hybrid chlorosis in Arabidopsis thaliana. A DEAD-box RNA helicase 18 (AtRH18) was identified to be necessary for chlorosis.

Neutral binary chalcogen-nitrogen and ternary S,N,P molecules: new structures, bonding insights and potential applications.

Early theoretical and experimental investigations of inorganic sulfur-nitrogen compounds were dominated by (a) assessments of the purported aromatic character of cyclic, binary S,N molecules and ions, (b) the unpredictable reactions of the fascinating cage compound S4N4, and (c) the unique structure and properties of the conducting polymer (SN)x. In the last few years, in addition to unexpected developments in the chemistry of well-known sulfur nitrides, the emphasis of these studies has changed to include nitrogen-rich species formed under high pressures, as well as the selenium analogues of well-known S,N compounds. Novel applications have been established or predicted for many binary S/Se,N molecules, including their use for fingerprint detection, in optoelectronic devices, as high energy-density compounds or as hydrogen-storage materials.

Dissolution and Permeability Properties of Co-Amorphous Formulations of Hydrochlorothiazide.

A biopharmaceutics classification system class IV drug, hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), was combined with co-formers of L-and d-arginine (ARG) and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) by cryomilling in 1:1 molar ratio. Co-amorphization was observed with L- and D-ARG. These mixtures showed a single glass transition, evidence of possible salt formation and improved physical stability at elevated temperatures and/or humidity when compared with amorphous HCT.

Plasticity in metabolism underpins local responses to nitrogen in populations.

Nitrogen (N) is central for plant growth, and metabolic plasticity can provide a strategy to respond to changing N availability. We showed that two local populations exhibited differential plasticity in the compounds of photorespiratory and starch degradation pathways in response to three N conditions. Association of metabolite levels with growth-related and fitness traits indicated that controlled plasticity in these pathways could contribute to local adaptation and play a role in plant evolution.

The effect of co-amorphization of glibenclamide on its dissolution properties and permeability through an MDCKII-MDR1 cell layer.

Co-amorphous mixtures have been demonstrated to represent a promising approach for enhancing the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, little is known of their permeability properties, especially through biological membranes, or about the relationship between their dissolution and permeability. In the present study, co-amorphous glibenclamide (GBC) mixtures with two amino acids, arginine (ARG) and serine (SER), in molar ratios of 1:1 were prepared by cryomilling.

Titanocene Selenide Sulfides Revisited: Formation, Stabilities, and NMR Spectroscopic Properties.

[TiCp₂S₅] (phase ), [TiCp₂Se₅] (phase ), and five solid solutions of mixed titanocene selenide sulfides [TiCp₂SeS₅] (Cp = C₅H₅) with the initial Se:S ranging from 1:4 to 4:1 (phases ⁻) were prepared by reduction of elemental sulfur or selenium or their mixtures by lithium triethylhydridoborate in thf followed by the treatment with titanocene dichloride [TiCp₂Cl₂]. Their Se and C NMR spectra were recorded from the CS₂ solution. The definite assignment of the Se NMR spectra was based on the PBE0/def2-TZVPP calculations of the Se chemical shifts and is supported by C NMR spectra of the samples.