Comparison of MRI T2 FLAIR White Matter Hyperintensity Segmentation Algorithms in Clinical Trials.

Background: White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) appear on T2‐weighted Fluid‐Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and are an important biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), cognitive decline, and stroke. However, manual delineation is laborious and bias‐prone, while automated segmentation has proven challenging. With the recent conclusion of the MICCAI‐Society WMH segmentation challenge, and our large clinical trials, “Risk Reduction for Alzheimer’s Disease” (rrAD) and “Hypertension, Intracranial Pulsatility and Brain Amyloid‐beta Clearance in older adults” (HIPAC), we investigated the differences in the total WMH volume segmented by various algorithms to ensure the extraction of accurate and meaningful image‐derived phenotypes.

The Role of ApoE4 in The Acceleration of Tau Aggregation.

Background: Understanding modulators of Alzheimer's disease’s (AD) progression is crucial for determining optimal treatment windows and targets. Apolipoprotein E e4 (ApoE4), i.e.

Cortical tau aggregation drives axonal degeneration in white matter fiber tracts in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cortical tau aggregation is a strong predictor of cortical brain atrophy as shown by MRI and PET studies, particularly driving the degeneration of neuronal somata in the grey matter. However, tau’s physiological role is to stabilize microtubules within axons in the brain’s white matter (WM) pathways. Therefore, tau’s white‐to‐grey‐matter translocation and aggregation in neurofibrillary tangles close to neuronal somata may induce WM degeneration through destabilization of axonal microtubule integrity.

Large Language Modeling to Assist Natural Polyphenols as Green Precipitants for Recycling Spent Batteries.

The growing demand for energy storage batteries, driven by the need to alleviate global warming and reduce fossil fuel dependency, has led to environmental concerns surrounding spent batteries. Efficient recycling of these batteries is essential to prevent pollution and recover valuable metal ions such as nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn). Conventional hydrometallurgical methods for battery recycling, while effective, often involve harmful chemicals and processes.

Large‐scale Normative Modeling of Brain Microstructure over the Human Lifespan.

Background: Normative models (NM) of brain metrics based on large, diverse populations offer novel strategies to detect individual brain abnormalities. To create an age‐dependent statistical model of brain microstructure over the human lifespan, we built the largest multi‐site NM of white matter (WM) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics based on 54,591 subjects. We used state‐of‐the‐art tools to adjust for site‐dependent effects.

Confining Phosphoric Acid in Quaternized COF Channels for Ultra-stable and Fast Anhydrous Proton Transport.

Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) doping is a widely employed strategy to facilitate anhydrous proton transport in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs). However, significant H3PO4 leaching during long-term operation poses critical challenges to maintaining membrane stability and proton conductivity. Herein, H3PO4 is incorporated into positively charged nanochannels of quaternized covalent organic framework membranes (QACOFMs), leveraging strong electrostatic interactions and confinement effects to achieve exceptional H3PO4 retention under hydration conditions.

Amyloid‐associated hyperconnectivity drives tau spreading across connected brain regions in Alzheimer’s disease.

Background: In Alzheimer’s disease, Aß triggers tau spreading which drives neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. However, the mechanistic link between Aß and tau remains unclear, which hinders therapeutic efforts to attenuate Aß‐related tau accumulation. Preclinical research could show that tau spreads across connected neurons in an activity‐dependent manner, and Aß was shown to trigger neuronal hyperactivity and hyperconnectivity.

Microglial‐targeted nSMase2 inhibitor fails to reduce tau spread in the animal model of Alzheimer’s disease.

Background: Cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) correlates with hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) propagating between neurons along networks connected by synapses. It has been hypothesized this transcellular transmission occurs partially by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of nSMase2 has been found to inhibit EV biogenesis and pTau propagation.

Molecular chemiluminescence imaging of misfolded proteins with a versatile and highly sensitive probe in neurodegenerative disease models.

Background: Protein misfolding is a key pathological phenomenon driving neurodegenerative diseases that affect millions of people. Visualizing this misfolding process with smart imaging probes would greatly facilitate early diagnosis, etiology elucidation, disease progression monitoring, and drug discovery of neurodegeneration. Although numerous probes have been reported, several unmet needs still exist.

Exploring knowledge valorization and utilization strategies in academic health science centers in the Netherlands: multi‐case study of Alzheimer centers.

Background: ‘Intellectual assets’ generated in traditional university settings, that may not fit the interests of the standard ‘valuation criteria’ (i.e. commercially profitable), such as non‐pharmacological dementia care research, often remain siloed within their respective research disciplines and originating institutions.

The impact of the 6‐month adapted Otago Exercise Program on clinical measures of physical function relative to usual care alone in people living with dementia in residential care facilities: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dementia compromises physical function, posing risks for falls. People living with dementia (PWD) have been historically excluded from intervention trials due to researchers’ eligibility criteria. Exercise shows potential in enhancing physical function, but more evidence is needed.

The effects of six months of exercise on single‐ and dual‐task gait and functional mobility relative to usual care alone among people living with dementia: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Exercise may improve dual‐tasking and mobility impairments among people living with dementia (PWD), but more evidence is needed. The purpose of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to determine the effect of six months of exercise on single‐ and dual‐task mobility compared to usual care alone in PWD.

Method: This assessor‐blinded RCT (1:1) included = 21 PWD in the usual care and n = 21 PWD in the exercise group at two residential care facilities (Age = 82 years, 35% female, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) = 10.

Identification and Validation of Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets of COVID-19-related Depression.

Background: The prevalence of depression in COVID-19 patients is notably high, disrupting daily life routines and compounding the burden of other chronic health conditions. In addition, to elucidate the connection between COVID-19 and depression, we conducted an analysis of commonly differentially expressed genes [co-DEGs], uncovering potential biomarkers and therapeutic avenues specific to COVID-19-related depression.

Methods: We obtained gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus [GEO] database with strategic keyword searches ["COVID-19", "depression," and "SARS"].

Can a picture description differentiate the nonfluent/agrammatic and logopenic variants of primary progressive aphasia?: Evidence from Catalan‐Spanish bilinguals.

Background: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a language‐based dementia linked with underlying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or frontotemporal dementia. Clinicians often report difficulty differentiating between the logopenic (lv) and nonfluent/agrammatic (nfv) subtypes, as both variants present with disruptions to “fluency” yet for different underlying reasons. In English, acoustic and linguistic markers from connected speech samples have shown promise in machine learning (ML)‐based differentiation of nfv from lv.

Multiparametric MRI for Assessment of the Biological Invasiveness and Prognosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in the Era of Artificial Intelligence.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the deadliest malignant tumor, with a grim 5-year overall survival rate of about 12%. As its incidence and mortality rates rise, it is likely to become the second-leading cause of cancer-related death. The radiological assessment determined the stage and management of PDAC.

Comprehensive multi-omics analysis identifies NUSAP1 as a potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic marker for lung adenocarcinoma.

While NUSAP1's association with various tumors is established, its predictive value for prognosis and immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unconfirmed. We analyzed Nucleolar Spindle-Associated Protein 1 (NUSAP1) gene expression in TCGA and GTEx datasets and validated it in clinicopathological tissues using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, we investigated NUSAP1's relationship with patient prognosis across TCGA and five GEO cohorts.

Whole-genome automated assembly pipeline for strains from reference, and clinical samples using the integrated CtGAP pipeline.

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is pivotal for the molecular characterization of ()-the leading bacterial cause of sexually transmitted infections and infectious blindness worldwide. WGS can inform epidemiologic, public health and outbreak investigations of these human-restricted pathogens. However, challenges persist in generating high-quality genomes for downstream analyses given its obligate intracellular nature and difficulty with propagation.

Precision Opioid Prescription in ICU Surgery: Insights from an Interpretable Deep Learning Framework.

Purpose: Appropriate opioid management is crucial to reduce opioid overdose risk for ICU surgical patients, which can lead to severe complications. Accurately predicting postoperative opioid needs and understanding the associated factors can effectively guide appropriate opioid use, significantly enhancing patient safety and recovery outcomes. Although machine learning models can accurately predict postoperative opioid needs, lacking interpretability hinders their adoption in clinical practice.

The positive feedback loop between SP1 and MAP2K2 significantly drives resistance to VEGFR inhibitors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common and aggressive malignancies of the urinary system. Despite being the first-line treatment for advanced ccRCC, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors (VEGFRis) face significant limitations due to both initial and acquired resistance, which impede complete tumor eradication. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 library screening approach, was identified as a resistance-associated gene for three prevalent VEGFRis (Sunitinib, Axitinib, and Sorafenib).

Sensitivity of renal cell carcinoma to cuproptosis: a bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification.

Targeting cuproptosis is considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention of tumors. However, the potential role of cuproptosis and its related genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains elusive. The present study aims to explore the sensitivity of ccRCC to cuproptosis and its underlying mechanism.

Lasalocid inhibits melanoma by down-regulating FOXM1 through PI3K/AKT and JNK/P38 MAPK pathways.

Melanoma poses a significant challenge to patients due to its aggressive nature and limited treatment options. Recent studies have suggested that lasalocid, a feed additive ionophore antibiotic, may have potential as an anticancer agent. However, the mechanism of lasalocid in melanoma is unclear.

Inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer growth via delphinidin-mediated suppression of the JAK2/STAT3/PD-L1 pathway.

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being particularly aggressive. Delphinidin (Dp), an anthocyanin monomer, has shown promising health benefits.

Objective: This study investigates the effects of Dp on TNBC and aims to elucidate its specific mechanisms of action.

PRMT5-Mediated ALKBH5 Methylation Promotes Colorectal Cancer Immune Evasion via Increasing CD276 Expression.

Numerous diseases have been connected to protein arginine methylations mediated by protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). Clinical investigations of the PRMT5-specific inhibitor GSK3326595 are currently being conducted, and the results are promising for preventing cancers. However, the detailed mechanism of PRMT5 promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) malignant progression remains unclear.

Symmetrical and asymmetrical surface structure expansions of silver nanoclusters with atomic precision.

Controlling symmetrical or asymmetrical growth has allowed a series of novel nanomaterials with prominent physicochemical properties to be produced. However, precise and continuous size growth based on a preserved template has long been a challenging pursuit, yet little has been achieved in terms of manipulation at the atomic level. Here, a correlated silver cluster series has been established, enabling atomically precise manipulation of symmetrical and asymmetrical surface structure expansions of metal nanoclusters.