Conjugation through Si-O-Si bonds, silsesquioxane (SQ) half cage copolymers, extended examples SiO/SiO units: multiple emissive states in violation of Kasha's rule.

We previously reported that phenyl- and vinyl-silsesquioxanes (SQs), [RSiO] (R = Ph or vinyl) functionalized with three or more conjugated moieties show red-shifted absorption- and emission features suggesting 3-D conjugation a cage centered LUMOs. Corner missing [PhSiO](OSiMe) and edge opened, end capped [PhSiO](OSiMe) (double decker, DD) analogs also offer red shifted spectra again indicating 3-D conjugation and a cage centered LUMO. Copolymerization of DD [PhSiO](OSiMevinyl) with multiple R-Ar-Br gives copolymers with emission red-shifts that change with degree of polymerization (DP), exhibit charge transfer to FTNCQ and terpolymer averaged red-shifts suggesting through chain conjugation even with two (O-Si-O) end caps possibly a cage centered LUMO.

Content-aware frame interpolation (CAFI): deep learning-based temporal super-resolution for fast bioimaging.

The development of high-resolution microscopes has made it possible to investigate cellular processes in 3D and over time. However, observing fast cellular dynamics remains challenging because of photobleaching and phototoxicity. Here we report the implementation of two content-aware frame interpolation (CAFI) deep learning networks, Zooming SlowMo and Depth-Aware Video Frame Interpolation, that are highly suited for accurately predicting images in between image pairs, therefore improving the temporal resolution of image series post-acquisition.

High-fidelity 3D live-cell nanoscopy through data-driven enhanced super-resolution radial fluctuation.

Live-cell super-resolution microscopy enables the imaging of biological structure dynamics below the diffraction limit. Here we present enhanced super-resolution radial fluctuations (eSRRF), substantially improving image fidelity and resolution compared to the original SRRF method. eSRRF incorporates automated parameter optimization based on the data itself, giving insight into the trade-off between resolution and fidelity.

State Laws on Substance Use Treatment for Incarcerated Pregnant and Postpartum People.

Background: Incarcerated perinatal populations report high rates of substance use in the United States (US). Despite this, substance use disorder (SUD) treatment is not routinely available in carceral settings and state policies related to the provision of substance use screening and treatment are unknown.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search in WestLaw through the end of the 2020 legislative session combining the terms "pregnant" and "postpartum" with terms for incarceration and related terms.

Biobased Silicon and Biobased Silica: Two Production Routes Whose Time has Come.

This study offers an updated bioeconomy perspective on biobased routes to high-purity silicon and silica in the context of the societal, economic and environmental trends reshaping chemical processes. We summarize the main aspects of the green chemistry technologies capable of transforming current production methods. Coincidentally, we discuss selected industrial and economic aspects.

Fast4DReg - fast registration of 4D microscopy datasets.

Unwanted sample drift is a common issue that plagues microscopy experiments, preventing accurate temporal visualization and quantification of biological processes. Although multiple methods and tools exist to correct images post acquisition, performing drift correction of three-dimensional (3D) videos using open-source solutions remains challenging and time consuming. Here, we present a new tool developed for ImageJ or Fiji called Fast4DReg that can quickly correct axial and lateral drift in 3D video-microscopy datasets.

ALFA-PRF: a novel approach to detect murine perforin release from CTLs into the immune synapse.

When killing through the granule exocytosis pathway, cytotoxic lymphocytes release key effector molecules into the immune synapse, perforin and granzymes, to initiate target cell killing. The pore-forming perforin is essential for the function of cytotoxic lymphocytes, as its pores disrupt the target cell membrane and allow diffusion of pro-apoptotic serine proteases, granzyme, into the target cell, where they initiate various cell death cascades. Unlike human perforin, the detection of its murine counterpart in a live cell system has been problematic due its relatively low expression level and the lack of sensitive antibodies.

TissUExM enables quantitative ultrastructural analysis in whole vertebrate embryos by expansion microscopy.

Super-resolution microscopy reveals the molecular organization of biological structures down to the nanoscale. While it allows the study of protein complexes in single cells, small organisms, or thin tissue sections, there is currently no versatile approach for ultrastructural analysis compatible with whole vertebrate embryos. Here, we present tissue ultrastructure expansion microscopy (TissUExM), a method to expand millimeter-scale and mechanically heterogeneous whole embryonic tissues, including wing discs, whole zebrafish, and mouse embryos.

Stabilizing High-Voltage Cathodes via Ball-Mill Coating with Flame-Made Nanopowder Electrolytes.

LiMnNiO (LMNO) spinel has recently been the subject of intense research as a cathode material because it is cheap, cobalt-free, and has a high discharge voltage (4.7 V). However, the decomposition of conventional liquid electrolytes on the cathode surface at this high oxidation state and the dissolution of Mn have hindered its practical utility.

Unconventional conjugation in macromonomers and polymers.

Multiple reviews have been written concerning conjugated macromonomers and polymers both as general descriptions and for specific applications. In most examples, conjugation occurs electronic communication continuous overlap of π orbitals, most often on carbon. These systems can be considered to offer traditional forms of conjugation.

DeepBacs for multi-task bacterial image analysis using open-source deep learning approaches.

This work demonstrates and guides how to use a range of state-of-the-art artificial neural-networks to analyse bacterial microscopy images using the recently developed ZeroCostDL4Mic platform. We generated a database of image datasets used to train networks for various image analysis tasks and present strategies for data acquisition and curation, as well as model training. We showcase different deep learning (DL) approaches for segmenting bright field and fluorescence images of different bacterial species, use object detection to classify different growth stages in time-lapse imaging data, and carry out DL-assisted phenotypic profiling of antibiotic-treated cells.

Diagnostic capabilities of nanopore long-read sequencing in muscular dystrophy.

Many individuals with muscular dystrophies remain genetically undiagnosed despite clinical diagnostic testing, including exome sequencing. Some may harbor previously undetected structural variants (SVs) or cryptic splice sites. We enrolled 10 unrelated families: nine had muscular dystrophy but lacked complete genetic diagnoses and one had an asymptomatic DMD duplication.

A method for the fast and photon-efficient analysis of time-domain fluorescence lifetime image data over large dynamic ranges.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) allows the quantification of sub-cellular processes in situ, in living cells. A number of approaches have been developed to extract the lifetime from time-domain FLIM data, but they are often limited in terms of speed, photon efficiency, precision or the dynamic range of lifetimes they can measure. Here, we focus on one of the best performing methods in the field, the centre-of-mass method (CMM), that conveys advantages in terms of speed and photon efficiency over others.

TrackMate 7: integrating state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms into tracking pipelines.

TrackMate is an automated tracking software used to analyze bioimages and is distributed as a Fiji plugin. Here, we introduce a new version of TrackMate. TrackMate 7 is built to address the broad spectrum of modern challenges researchers face by integrating state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms into tracking pipelines.

Nusinersen for Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: 1415 Doses via an Interdisciplinary Institutional Approach.

Background: Spinal deformity and prior spinal fusion pose technical challenges to lumbar puncture (LP) for nusinersen administration for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). In this retrospective study over two study phases, we evaluated (1) factors associated with difficult LP or unscheduled requirement for image guidance and (2) effectiveness of a triage pathway for selective use of image guidance and nonstandard techniques, particularly for patients with spinal instrumentation/fusion to the sacrum.

Methods: With institutional review board approval, electronic health records, imaging, and administrative databases were analyzed for patients receiving nusinersen from January 2012 through September 2021.

Imprisonment, community sanctions and mortality by cause of death among patients with substance use disorder - a 28-year follow-up using Finnish register data.

Background: The first few weeks' post-imprisonment are associated with high mortality, particularly among individuals with a history of substance use. Excess risk may vary by societal context due to a range of penal systems and substance use patterns. Using data on Finnish individuals who had sought treatment for substance use, we studied the association between criminal sanctions with cause-specific mortality.

LaTiON nanopowders (NPs) with low surface defect density nitridation of flame made NPs retaining simple perovskite structure.

This work introduces a novel route to perovskite LaTiON nanopowders (NPs) nitridation of perovskite LaTiO NPs in an NH gas flow at 1050 °C/NH/15 h, in which a simple perovskite structure (ABX) is retained during nitridation. The LaTiO NP is formed with a trace of a second phase in a precursor oxide NP (LTO-4/3) produced using liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis (LF-FSP) of a metallo-organic ethanol solution with La/Ti = 4/3. The characterization of the resulting powders allows for a comparison with LaTiON NPs synthesized by the nitridation of the LaTiO precursor oxide NP (LTO-1) with a perovskite slab structure (ABX) also prepared by LF-FSP of a La/Ti = 1 solution.

Effects of Menadione on Survival, Feeding, and Tunneling Activity of the Formosan Subterranean Termite.

The Formosan subterranean termite, Shiraki, is a highly destructive pest and a cosmopolitan invasive species. Sustainable termite management methods have been improving with the search for novel insecticides that are effective, safe, and cost efficient. Menadione, also known as vitamin K, is a synthetic analogue and biosynthetic precursor of vitamin K with low mammalian toxicity.

Avoiding a replication crisis in deep-learning-based bioimage analysis.

Deep learning algorithms are powerful tools to analyse, restore and transform bioimaging data, increasingly used in life sciences research. These approaches now outperform most other algorithms for a broad range of image analysis tasks. In particular, one of the promises of deep learning is the possibility to provide parameter-free, one-click data analysis achieving expert-level performances in a fraction of the time previously required.

Imaging in focus: An introduction to denoising bioimages in the era of deep learning.

Fluorescence microscopy enables the direct observation of previously hidden dynamic processes of life, allowing profound insights into mechanisms of health and disease. However, imaging of live samples is fundamentally limited by the toxicity of the illuminating light and images are often acquired using low light conditions. As a consequence, images can become very noisy which severely complicates their interpretation.

A Digital Intervention for Primary Care Practitioners to Support Antidepressant Discontinuation (Advisor for Health Professionals): Development Study.

Background: The number of people receiving antidepressants has increased in the past 3 decades, mainly because of people staying on them longer. However, in many cases long-term treatment is not evidence based and risks increasing side effects. Additionally, prompting general practitioners (GPs) to review medication does not improve the rate of appropriate discontinuation.