Neurological Effects of Combining Low Toxic Dose of Tramadol and Nicotine: An Animal Model Evidence of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

Tramadol abuse is a common problem in the Middle East in conjunction with smoking. The current study applied immunohistochemistry, western blot, real-time PCR, and ELISA to test the combination toxicity. Low toxic doses of tramadol induced animal brain cortex inflammation and hippocampus injury.

Pharmacist-lead screening for diabetic peripheral neuropathy using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI).

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is highly prevalent among Jordanian patients, mostly are asymptomatic. Early recognition and appropriate management of neuropathy is important to improve symptoms, reduce sequelae, and improve quality of life. This study aims at exploring the role of pharmacists in the early recognition of DPN and providing quick screening for the presence of it among diabetic patients.

Vitamin D: an essential adjuvant therapeutic agent in breast cancer.

Low serum levels of vitamin D have been reported as a risk factor for breast cancer. This narrative review provides an update on the impact of vitamin D on hormone receptors, notably estrogen receptor subunits, and gives insights on possible therapeutic interventions to overcome breast cancer. In addition, evidence that supports the beneficial use of vitamin D as adjuvant treatment of breast cancer is summarized.