Praziquantel-encapsulated niosomes against Schistosoma mansoni with reduced sensitivity to praziquantel.

Introduction: Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only commercially available drug for schistosomiasis. The current shortage of alternative effective drugs and the lack of successful preventive measures enhance its value. The increase in the prevalence of PZQ resistance under sustained drug pressure is, therefore, an upcoming issue.

Biological and proteomic studies of Schistosoma mansoni with decreased sensitivity to praziquantel.

The impact of the laboratory induced Schistosoma mansoni with decreased PZQ sensitivity on the biological performance of its different developmental stages and the concomitant structural changes of adult worms' total proteins were investigated. PZQ exposed snails showed stoppage of cercarial shedding for eight weeks followed by progressive significant reduction of cercarial production along four successive weeks. In the vertebrate host, in comparison to Schistosoma mansoni susceptible isolate, inoculated cercariae with decreased PZQ sensitivity led to an evident decrease in male to female ratio associated with significant reduction in tissue egg counts and significant increase in dead egg percentage.

Anti-Arthritic Activity of Schistosoma mansoni and Trichinella spiralis Derived-Antigens in Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats: Role of FOXP3+ Treg Cells.

A growing body of evidence supports the concept of helminths therapy in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of autoclaved Schistosoma mansoni antigen (ASMA) and Trichinella spiralis antigen (ATSA) on the clinical and immunopathological features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Adjuvant arthritis was induced by subcutaneous and intradermal injections of complete Freund's adjuvant into the plantar surface of the right hind paw and the root of the tail, respectively.

Congenital trichinellosis in experimentally infected mice.

The present study aimed at allocating the time during pregnancy at which transplacental transmission of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) larvae took place. Swiss albino mice were infected at different durations of pregnancy; five days before mating, on gestation day zero and five days after mating.

Vaccination trial against experimental trichrinellosis using autoclaved Trichinella spiralis larvae vaccine (ATSLV).

The autoclaved Trichinella spiralis larvae vaccine (ATSLV) was tested and showed a surprising and somewhat unpredictable effect on the immune system of mice experimentally infected with T. spiralis. The vaccine was given with Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) as an adjuvant at different durations and by different routes of administration.