Attention and processing speed tests: Normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States.

Background: Hispanics/Latinos are the largest racial/ethnic group among underrepresented populations in the U.S. and multiple sociodemographic, cultural, and linguistic factors have been found to impact their performances on cognitive testing.

WHO-UCLA auditory verbal learning test: Normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States.

Background: Hispanics are a significant demographic in the U.S., with diverse cultures and languages.

Executive function tests: Normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States.

Background: Normative data for Spanish-speaking populations, particularly Hispanics in the U.S., is notably scarce.

Normative data for verbal fluency and naming tests in Spanish-speaking adults in the United States.

Background: Linguistic deficits are common across neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Currently there are limited neuropsychological norms available for Spanish-speaking adults residing in the U.S.

Normative data for executive function tests in an Ecuadorian Waranka minority population.

To generate normative data (ND) for executive functions tests in the Waranka minority population of Ecuador. Four-hundred participants aged 6-17 completed the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Trail-Making Test (TMT), Modified-Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), and Test of Colors-Words (STROOP). Scores were normed using multiple linear regressions, including age, age, natural logarithm of mean parent education (MPE), sex, bilingualism, and two-way interactions as predictors.

Normative Data Estimation in Neuropsychological Tests: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To quantify the evolution, impact, and importance of normative data (ND) calculation by identifying trends in the research literature and what approaches need improvement.

Methods: A PRISMA-guideline systematic review was performed on literature from 2000 to 2022 in PubMed, Pub-Psych, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria included scientific articles about ND in neuropsychological tests with clear data analysis, published in any country, and written in English or Spanish.

Quality of Life after Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents (QOLIBRI-KID/ADO)-The First Disease-Specific Self-Report Questionnaire after Traumatic Brain Injury.

The subjective impact of the consequences of pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) on different life dimensions should be assessed multidimensionally and as sensitively as possible using a disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument. The development and psychometrics of the first such self-report questionnaire for children and adolescents after TBI are reported here. Focus group interviews with children, adolescents, and their parents, cognitive debriefing, item pool generation and reduction using Delphi expert panels were performed.

A Multidimensional Approach to Assessing Factors Impacting Health-Related Quality of Life after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

In the field of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), relationships between pre-injury and injury-related characteristics and post-TBI outcomes (functional recovery, post-concussion depression, anxiety) and their impact on disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are under-investigated. Here, a multidimensional conceptual model was tested using a structural equation model (SEM). The final SEM evaluates the associations between these four latent variables.

Phonological and semantic verbal fluency test: Scoring criteria and normative data for clustering and switching strategies for Colombian children and adolescents.

Background: Verbal fluency tests (VFT) are highly sensitive to cognitive deficits. Usually, the score on VFT is based on the number of correct words produced, yet it alone gives little information regarding underlying test performance. The implementation of different strategies (cluster and switching) to perform efficiently during the tasks provide more valuable information.

Network Analysis of Neurobehavioral Symptom Patterns in an International Sample of Spanish-Speakers with a History of COVID-19 and Controls.

(1) Background: Psychometric network analysis provides a novel statistical approach allowing researchers to model clusters of related symptoms as a dynamic system. This study applied network analysis to investigate the patterns of somatic, cognitive, and affective neurobehavioral symptoms in an international sample of Spanish-speaking individuals with a history of COVID-19 positivity and non-COVID controls; (2) methods: the sample (n = 1093) included 650 adults from 26 countries who reported having previously tested positive for COVID-19 (COVID+) through a viral and/or antigen test (average of 147 days since diagnosis). The control group (COVID-) was comprised of 443 adults from 20 countries who had completed the survey prior to the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) results: relative to the COVID- network, the COVID+ network was very well-connected, such that each neurobehavioral symptom was positively connected to the network.

15-item version of the Boston Naming Test: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish-speaking adult population.

Objective: Naming is commonly impaired in people with neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury, and as a result, its accurate assessment is essential. The aim of this study was to provide normative data for the 15-item Spanish version of the Boston Naming Test (BNT) for an adult population from eight Latin American countries/regions.

Method: The total sample consisted of 2,828 participants from Argentina, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico, Honduras, Paraguay, and Puerto Rico.

School professionals' knowledge about pediatric traumatic brain injury: an international study.

Objective: To determine Spanish-speaking school professionals' level of knowledge and attitudes regarding pediatric TBI.

Methods: School professionals(n = 2,238) from 19 countries completed an online-survey regarding their training, knowledge and misconceptions, attitudes and perceptions about TBI.

Results: Of the full sample 75% (n = 1689) knew what TBI was, though only 18% (n = 350) reported having experience with a student with TBI.

Factor structure of the 10-item CES-D Scale among patients with persistent COVID-19.

The presence of persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might be associated with significant levels of psychological distress that would meet the threshold for clinical relevance. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) version 10 has been widely used in assessing psychological distress among general and clinical populations from different cultural backgrounds. To our knowledge, however, researchers have not yet validated these findings among patients with persistent COVID-19.

Moderate, Little, or No Improvements in Neurobehavioral Symptoms among Individuals with Long COVID: A 34-Country Retrospective Study.

(1) Background: Some people with COVID-19 develop a series of symptoms that last for several months after infection, known as Long COVID. Although these symptoms interfere with people's daily functioning and quality of life, few studies have focused on neurobehavioral symptoms and the risk factors associated with their development; (2) Methods: 1001 adults from 34 countries who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory reporting the symptoms before their COVID-19 diagnosis, during the COVID-19 infection, and currently; (3) Results: Participants reported large-sized increases before vs. during COVID-19 in all domains.

An international study of post-COVID sleep health.

Objectives: COVID-19 has infected millions of people worldwide, with growing evidence that individuals with a history of infection may continue to show persistent post-COVID symptoms (long COVID). The aim of this study was to investigate sleep health in an international sample of individuals who reported previously testing positive for COVID-19.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Multivariate Base Rates of Low Scores on Tests of Executive Functions in a Multi-Country Latin American Sample.

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of low scores in a diverse Latin American population for two neuropsychological commonly used tests to evaluate executive functions and to compare the number of low scores obtained using normative data from a Spanish-speaking population from Latin America versus an English-speaking population from U.S.A.

Longitudinal Growth Curve Trajectories of Family Dynamics after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in Mexico.

Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a serious public health concern. Family members are often caregivers for children with TBI, which can result in a significant strain on familial relationships. Research is needed to examine aspects of family functioning in the context of recovery post-TBI, especially in Latin America, where cultural norms may reinforce caregiving by family members, but where resources for these caregivers may be scarce.

Spontaneous Recovery of Executive Function, Attention, and Processing Speed in Stroke Patients in Colombia.

Background: Previous literature has shown disparities between developing and developed regions in executive functioning, attention, and processing speed performance following stroke. Research on post-stroke longitudinal outcomes in Latin America specifically is almost nonexistent.

Objectives: To assess spontaneous recovery among individuals with stroke in the absence of cognitive rehabilitation services in Colombia, South America during the first year post-stroke by comparing their functioning to that of healthy controls across executive functioning, attention, and processing speed at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Early Predictors of Employment Status One Year Post Injury in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury in Europe.

Sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI) often affects the individual's ability to work, reducing employment rates post-injury across all severities of TBI. The objective of this multi-country study was to assess the most relevant early predictors of employment status in individuals after TBI at one-year post-injury in European countries. Using a prospective longitudinal non-randomized observational cohort (The Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI (CENTER-TBI) project), data was collected between December 2014-2019 from 63 trauma centers in 18 European countries.

Regression-Based Normative Data for Children From Latin America: Phonological Verbal Fluency Letters M, R, and P.

This study is part of a larger project to generate norms for letter verbal fluency test (VFT) in 3,284 children from nine Latin American countries. The letter VFT (letters M, R, and P) was administered and multiple linear regressions, including age, age, MPE (mean parental education), MPE, sex, and interactions were used as predictors. Results showed significant differences across countries for all scores.

Prevalence of low scores on language tests as a potential factor in misdiagnosis of cognitive impairment in a Spanish-speaking adult population.

Objective: In this study, the prevalence of low scores for two neuropsychological tests of language has been determined.

Methods: In total,  = 5218 healthy adults from 11 countries in Latin America (LA) were administered the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. -scores were calculated for BNT Total score, and phonological (letters , , , ) and semantic (Animals, Fruits).

Factor structure models for the Post-Concussion Syndrome Scale with monolingual Spanish-speaking adults from Colombia.

Primary Objective: The Post-Concussion Syndrome Scale (PCSS) is a self-report questionnaire that measures post-concussive symptom severity and has been primarily normed on young Caucasian samples. This study aims to explore the factor structure models of a Spanish translation of the PCSS at a chronic post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) time point.

Research Design: Descriptive and exploratory research designs were utilized.