Decay of Thermal Tolerance in Queensland Fruit Fly Eggs (Bactrocera tryoni, Diptera: Tephritidae) Following Non-Lethal Heat Hardening.

Quarantine disinfestation treatments for Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)) have been developed which use high temperatures to kill preimaginal life stages within fruit prior to export. However, thermal tolerance of individuals can be increased if they are exposed to elevated temperatures before disinfestation treatment. The rate that this thermal conditioning decays after exposure, and the effect of temperature on this decay process, were investigated.

Irrigation water quality influences heavy metal uptake by willows in biosolids.

Phytoextraction is an effective method to remediate heavy metal contaminated landscapes but is often applied for single metal contaminants. Plants used for phytoextraction may not always be able to grow in drier environments without irrigation. This study investigated if willows (Salix x reichardtii A.

Native Australian species are effective in extracting multiple heavy metals from biosolids.

Selecting native plant species with characteristics suitable for extraction of heavy metals may have multiple advantages over non-native plants. Six Australian perennial woody plant species and one willow were grown in a pot trial in heavy metal-contaminated biosolids and a potting mix. The plants were harvested after fourteen months and above-ground parts were analysed for heavy metal concentrations and total metal contents.

140 H/D isotopomers identified by long-range NMR hyperfine shifts in ruthenium(III) ammine complexes. Hyperconjugation in Ru-NH3 bonding.

(1)H NMR spectra of the paramagnetic cyanide-bridged mixed-valence compound [(η(5)-C5H5)Fe(CO)2(μ-CN)Ru(NH3)5](CF3SO3)3 (I) have been obtained in several solvents. When traces of partially deuterated water are present, instead of a single cyclopentadienyl (Cp) resonance shifted by the hyperfine interaction, numerous well-resolved resonances are observed. The spectra were simulated satisfactorily by giving the appropriate statistical weight to 140 possible H/D isotopomers formed by deuteration in the five ruthenium(III) ammine ligands.

Solvent and metal dependent (1)H NMR hyperfine shifts in paramagnetic pentaamminemetal cyanide-bridged mixed-valence complexes.

(1)H NMR resonances, in several aprotic solvents, are reported for axial and equatorial ammonias coordinated to a single spin paramagnetic centre in the Robin-Day Class II cyanide-bridged mixed-valence cations [(OC)(5)Cr(μ-CN)M(NH(3))(5)](2+) (M = Ru, Os) as well as in the complex [(OC)(5)Re(μ-CN)Ru(NH(3))(5)](3+), whose synthesis and properties are reported herein. Using the appropriate isotropic hexaammine complex as a reference, the chemical shift difference between the ammonia protons, δ(ax) - δ(eq), is found to be very sensitive to the paramagnetic metal (M), the remote diamagnetic metal (Cr or Re) and also to the donor properties of the solvent (as well as the counter-ion) as a result of hydrogen bonding interactions. The difference varies linearly with the MMCT energy, and in [(OC)(5)Re(μ-CN)Ru(NH(3))(5)](3+) can be tuned from positive (δ(ax) > δ(eq)) to negative (δ(ax) < δ(eq)) through zero (δ(ax) = δ(eq)) by the choice of solvent.

Effect of plants on the bioavailability of metals and other chemical properties of biosolids in a column study.

The effects of metal-accumulating plants (Salix x reichardtii and Populus balsamifera) on the chemical properties and dynamics of metals in biosolids were investigated using different techniques including diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), sequential extraction procedures and partitioning coefficient (K(d)). Plants could effectively extract Cd, Ni, and Zn and decreased dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The presence of plants increased the potential bioavailability of these metals, as assessed by an increase in the ratio of metal measured by DGT and metals in the solution.

Phytoextraction of heavy metals by willows growing in biosolids under field conditions.

Biosolids produced by sewage treatment facilities can exceed guideline thresholds for contaminant elements. Phytoextraction is one technique with the potential to reduce these elements allowing reuse of the biosolids as a soil amendment. In this field trial, cuttings of seven species/cultivars of Salix(willows) were planted directly into soil and into biosolids to identify their suitability for decontaminating biosolids.

Solvent dependence of the g-anisotropy in the ESR of cyanide-bridged mixed-valence complexes.

The low temperature (approximately 5 K) X-band ESR spectra are reported of the cyanide-bridged mixed-valence complexes [(OC)5Cr(mu-CN)M(NH3)5]X2 (M = Ru, Os; X = PF6(-)) in frozen matrices formed from nitromethane, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide with toluene. The anisotropy (g paralell-g perpendicular) is greater for the ruthenium than for the osmium complex. It is positive in all cases and is strongly dependent on the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the solvent matrix and the metal-ammine fragment, decreasing in the order nitromethane > acetonitrile > dimethylformamide.

Effects of phytoextraction on heavy metal concentrations and pH of pore-water of biosolids determined using an in situ sampling technique.

Heavy metal concentrations and pH of pore-water in contaminated substrates are important factors in controlling metal uptake by plants. We investigated the effects of phytoextraction on these properties in the solution phase of biosolids and diluted biosolids in a 12-month phytoextraction column experiment. Phytoextraction using Salix and Populus spp.

Cyanide (13)C NMR hyperfine shifts in paramagnetic cyanide-bridged mixed-valence complexes.

Paramagnetic (hyperfine) NMR shifts in the (13)C cyanide bridge and (31)P resonances in a set of mixed valence complexes [(eta(5)-C(5)R(5))Ru(PPh(3))L((13)CN)Ru(NH(3))(5)](n+) (R = H; L = PPh(3), CO, NO(+); R = Me; L = PPh(3)) are sensitive to the extent of intermetallic charge-transfer, and are strongly solvent dependent.

Leukocyte reduction of red blood cell transfusions does not decrease allosensitization rates in potential kidney transplant candidates.

A significant proportion of potential kidney transplant candidates continue to periodically require blood transfusions that carry a risk of allosensitization. Leukocyte reduction (leukoreduction) of blood products has been proved to reduce transfusion-associated allosensitization in patients with hematologic malignancies; however, the effect in potential kidney transplant candidates is unknown. A total of 112 kidney transplant candidates who received red blood cell transfusions while on the transplant waiting list were identified retrospectively.

Complications of outpatient transbrachial intraarterial digital subtraction angiography. Work in progress.

To assess the safety of nonselective intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) performed from a brachial artery approach, the complications of 660 consecutive examinations, most of which (greater than 95%) were performed on outpatients, were studied. Contrast material injections into the aorta were made through a 4-F multiple side-hole pigtail catheter inserted percutaneously from the brachial artery. Two brachial artery complications severe enough to require surgery occurred (one hematoma and one arterial laceration/thrombosis), for a rate of 0.