Soil (or plant) water deficit accelerates plant reproduction. However, the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain unknown. By modulating cell division/number, ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5), a key bZIP (basic (region) leucine zippers) transcription factor, regulates both seed development and abiotic stress responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExposure of dark-grown etiolated seedlings to light triggers the transition from skotomorphogenesis/etiolation to photomorphogenesis/de-etiolation. In the life cycle of plants, de-etiolation is essential for seedling development and plant survival. The mobilization of soluble sugars (glucose [Glc], sucrose, and fructose) derived from stored carbohydrates and lipids to target organs, including cotyledons, hypocotyls, and radicles, underpins de-etiolation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStomata are pores found in the epidermis of stems or leaves that modulate both plant gas exchange and water/nutrient uptake. The development and function of plant stomata are regulated by a diverse range of environmental cues. However, how carbohydrate status in preexisting leaves might determine systemic stomatal formation within newly developing leaves has remained obscure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn most plants, sucrose, a major storage sugar, is transported into sink organs to support their growth. This key physiological process is dependent on the function of sucrose transporters. Sucrose export from source tissues is predominantly controlled through the activity of SUCROSE TRANSPORTER 2 (SUC2), required for the loading of sucrose into the phloem of Arabidopsis plants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDe-etiolation is indispensable for seedling survival and development. However, how sugars regulate de-etiolation and how sugars induce ethylene (ET) for seedlings to grow out of soil remain elusive. Here, we reveal how a sucrose (Suc) feedback loop promotes de-etiolation by inducing ET biosynthesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCINV1, converting sucrose into glucose and fructose, is a key entry of carbon into cellular metabolism, and HXK1 functions as a pivotal sensor for glucose. Exogenous sugars trigger the Arabidopsis juvenile-to-adult phase transition via a miR156A/SPL module. However, the endogenous factors that regulate this process remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe disaccharide Suc cannot be utilized directly; rather, it is irreversibly hydrolyzed by invertase to the hexoses Glc and Fru to shape plant growth. In this context, Glc controls the stability of the transcription factor Ethylene-Insensitive3 (EIN3) via the function of Hexokinase1 (HXK1), a Glc sensor. Thus, invertase, especially the major neutral cytosolic invertase (CINV), constitutes a key point of control for plant growth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn crop plants, the yield loss caused by drought exceeds the losses resulting from other adverse environment stresses. In numerous plant species, seedling establishment is positively correlated with the initial seed size under drought stress conditions. In intra- and interspecies, plants with large seeds can withstand water deficiency stresses, whereas those with small seeds are efficient colonizers as a result of their ability to produce more seeds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agric Food Chem
September 2019
In higher plants, seed size is an important parameter and agricultural trait in many aspects of evolutionary fitness. The loss of water-deficiency-induced crop yield is the largest among all natural hazards. Under water-deficient stress, the most prevalent response to terminal stress is to accelerate the early arrest of floral development and, thereby, to accelerate fruit/seed production, which consequently reduces seed size.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnthocyanin accumulation specifically depends on sucrose (Suc) signaling. However, the molecular basis of this process remains unknown. In this study, pull-down assays identified ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3), a component of both sugar signaling or/and metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs the key producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidases (NOXs), also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs), play crucial roles in various biological processes in plants with considerable evolutionary selection and functional diversity in the entire terrestrial plant kingdom. However, only limited resources are available on the phylogenesis and functions of this gene family in wheat. Here, a total of 46 NOX family genes were identified in the wheat genome, and these NOXs could be classified into three subgroups: typical TaNOXs, TaNOX-likes, and ferric reduction oxidases (TaFROs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLight signals are perceived by multiple photoreceptors that converge to suppress the RING E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) for the regulation of stomatal development. Thus, COP1 is a point of integration between light signaling and stomatal patterning. However, how light signaling is collected into COP1 for the production and spacing of stomata is still unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater is crucial to plant growth and development because it serves as a medium for all cellular functions. Thus, the improvement of plant drought tolerance or water use efficiency/water uptake efficiency is important in modern agriculture. In this review, we mainly focus on new genetic factors for ameliorating drought tolerance or water use efficiency/water uptake efficiency of plants and explore the involvement of these genetic factors in the regulation of improving plant drought tolerance or water use efficiency/water uptake efficiency, which is a result of altered stomata density and improving root systems (primary root length, hair root growth, and lateral root number) and enhanced production of osmotic protectants, which is caused by transcription factors, proteinases, and phosphatases and protein kinases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn higher plants, seed mass is an important to evolutionary fitness. In this context, seedling establishment positively correlates with seed mass under conditions of environmental stress. Thus, seed mass constitutes an important agricultural trait.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[This corrects the article on p. 1728 in vol. 7, PMID: 27920784.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[This corrects the article on p. 1645 in vol. 7, PMID: 27857719.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn higher plants, seed size is central to many aspects in evolutionary fitness and is a crucial agricultural trait. In this study, Arabidopsis an3 (angustifolia3) mutants present with increased seed size. Target-gene analysis revealed that YDA, which encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, is a target gene of AN3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
November 2016
Anthocyanin accumulation specifically depends on sucrose (Suc) signaling/levels. However, the gene cascades specifically involved in the Suc signaling/level-mediated anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway are still unknown. (), a transcription coactivator, is involved in the regulation of leaf shape and drought tolerance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn agriculture, seed mass is one of the most important components related to seed yield. () which encodes the transcriptional activator WRKY10, is thought to be a pivotal regulator of seed mass. In SHORT HYPOCOTYL UNDER BLUE1 (SHB1) associates with the promoter of , regulating embryo cell proliferation (both cell division and elongation), which, in turn, modulates seed mass.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeedlings of large-seeded plants are considered to be able to withstand abiotic stresses efficiently. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the involved signaling crosstalk between the large-seeded trait and abiotic tolerance are, however, largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate the molecular link that integrates plant abscisic acid (ABA) responses to drought stress into the regulation of seed mass.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Signal Behav
June 2016
Light signaling plays a pivotal role in controlling plant morphogenesis, metabolism, growth and development. The central process of light signaling pathway is to build the link between light signals and the expression of genes involved. Although studies focused on light signaling toward metabolism have been documented well in the past several decades, most regulation networks of light signaling in a specific metabolic production largely remained unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Arabidopsis AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) gene, which encodes an APETALA2 (AP2)-like transcription factor, controls plant organ cell number and organ size throughout shoot development. ANT is thus a key factor in the development of plant shoots. Here, we have found that ANT plays an essential role in conferring salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOne goal of modern agriculture is the improvement of plant drought tolerance and water-use efficiency (WUE). Although stomatal density has been linked to WUE, the causal molecular mechanisms and engineered alternations of this relationship are not yet fully understood. Moreover, YODA (YDA), which is a MAPKK kinase gene, negatively regulates stomatal development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3), a transcription coactivator, is implicated in modulating cell proliferation. In this study, I found that AN3 is a novel regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis and light-induced root elongation. Seedlings and seeds lacking AN3 activity presented significantly reduced anthocyanin accumulation and light-induced root elongation, whereas those of transgenic plants harbouring the 35S:AN3 construct exhibited increased anthocyanin accumulation.
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