Enabling High-Voltage and Long Lifespan Sodium Batteries via Single-Crystal Layer-Structured Oxide Cathode Material.

Manganese-based layer-structured transition metal oxides are considered promising cathode materials for future sodium batteries owing to their high energy density potential and industrial feasibility. The grain-related anisotropy and electrode/electrolyte side reactions, however, constrain their energy density and cycling lifespan, particularly at high voltages. Large-sized single-crystal O3-typed Na[NiMnCuTi]O was thus designed and successfully synthesized toward high-voltage and long-lifespan sodium batteries.

Apple E3 ligase MdPUB23 mediates ubiquitin-dependent degradation of MdABI5 to delay ABA-triggered leaf senescence.

ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) is a core regulatory factor that mediates the ABA signaling response and leaf senescence. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic regulation of leaf senescence by ABI5 with interacting partners and the homeostasis of ABI5 in the ABA signaling response remain to be further investigated. In this study, we found that the accelerated effect of MdABI5 on leaf senescence is partly dependent on MdbHLH93, an activator of leaf senescence in apple.

MdMYB10 affects nitrogen uptake and reallocation by regulating the nitrate transporter MdNRT2.4-1 in the red flesh apple.

Nitrate is the major nitrogen sources for higher plants. In addition to serving not only as a nutrient, it is also a signaling molecule that regulates plant growth and development. Although membrane-bound nitrate transporter/peptide transporters (NRT/PTR) have been extensively studied and shown to regulate nitrate uptake and movement, little is known about how these factors are regulated by the external nitrogen environment.

Functional identification of apple MdMYB2 gene in phosphate-starvation response.

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation severely affects the normal growth and development of plants. Here, a Pi-responsive gene, named MdMYB2 (MDP0000823458), was cloned and functionally identified in apple. Overexpression of MdMYB2 regulated the expression of Pi starvation-induced (PSI) genes and then promoted phosphate assimilation and utilization.

EIN3-LIKE1, MYB1, and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR3 Act in a Regulatory Loop That Synergistically Modulates Ethylene Biosynthesis and Anthocyanin Accumulation.

Ethylene regulates climacteric fruit ripening, and EIN3-LIKE1 (EIL1) plays an important role in this process. In apple (), fruit coloration is accompanied by ethylene release during fruit ripening, but the molecular mechanism that underlies these two physiological processes is unknown. In this study, we found that ethylene treatment markedly induced fruit coloration as well as the expression of , a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloration.

The molecular cloning and functional characterization of MdMYC2, a bHLH transcription factor in apple.

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) Leu zipper transcription factor MYC2 is an important regulator in the Jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. In this study, the apple MdMYC2 gene was isolated and cloned on the basis of its homology with Arabidopsis thaliana MYC2. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that MdMYC2 transcripts were induced by Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and wounding.