MicroRNA hsa-let-7e-5p in hUC-MSC-EVs alleviates oral mucositis by targeting TAB2.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a severe side effect of anti-cancer therapy, with limited available treatments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have demonstrated effective protection against OM. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive.

Overexpression of zinc-finger protein 418 inhibits pathological cardiac remodelling after acute myocardial infarction.

Aims: Zinc-finger protein 418 (ZNF418) has been confirmed to be expressed in myocardial tissue. However, the role and mechanism of ZNF418 in pathological myocardial remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI) have not been reported. This study was to elucidate the effect and mechanism of ZNF418 on ventricular remodelling after MI in mice.

Feasibility of apalutamide combined with androgen deprivation therapy and short-course low-dose prednisone in treating metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The role of prednisone in the prevention of androgen receptor antagonist-related rash and treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) is unclear. This pilot trial (ChiCTR2200060388) aimed to investigate the feasibility of apalutamide combined with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and short-course low-dose prednisone in the treatment of mHSPC.

Methods: All patients received apalutamide and ADT and were randomly divided into two groups based on the administration of oral prednisone or not (control group).

Case Series: Cemiplimab and Nivolumab Immunotherapy as Promising Treatment in Advanced or Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common skin cancer. Surgery is usually curative; however, some locally advanced or metastatic CSCC may be unresectable. Current novel therapeutic options with immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) of programmed-death receptor 1 (PD-1) such as cemiplimab and nivolumab have demonstrated promising and sustained results with good tolerability in patients with CSCC.

Acanthosis Nigricans in a Patient with Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with PD-L1 Inhibitor Avelumab, and Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency.

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) describes hyperkeratotic and hyperpigmented skin changes and its pathophysiology is linked to the activation of epidermal growth factor receptors. Current literature shows that AN is most commonly diagnosed at the time of the underlying pathology, which may occur under benign or malignant conditions. This case presentation demonstrates the occurrence of AN in a patient following the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma and ongoing treatment with PD-L1 inhibitor immunotherapy.

Genotyping in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia by sequencing of newborn bloodspot samples.

Objectives: Genotype-phenotype correlation in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency ranges from 45 to 97 %. We performed massively parallel sequencing of on stored newborn bloodspot samples to catalogue the genotypes present in our patients with CAH and enable genotype-phenotype comparison.

Methods: Participants ≤15 years old with clinically diagnosed CAH were recruited from The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network.

Nasal pillow vs. standard nasal mask for treatment of OSA: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of nasal pillows with standard nasal masks in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: A digitalized search was carried out in four different databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and CENTRAL using relevant keywords along with a manual search in relevant journals. All comparative studies comparing outcomes of using a nasal pillow with the use of standard nasal masks for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in patients with OSA were included.

Rare complication of ureteral double-J stenting after ureteroscopy: pelvic ectopic renal parenchymal perforation.

Scarce data are available on pelvic ectopic renal parenchymal perforation. However, this complication might lead to serious consequences. Clinicians should pay attention to the early identification and treatment of this complication.

An indirect comparison meta-analysis of noninvasive intravesical instillation and intravesical injection of botulinum toxin-A in bladder disorders.

Background: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) intravesical instillation and BTX-A intravesical injection are both effective treatments or overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), but direct comparative studies of the two treatments are lacking.

Methods: We conducted a pairs-comparison meta-analysis and an adjusted indirect comparison meta-analysis extracting published data from randomized controlled trials in literature databases from the inception of each database to Aug. 31, 2021, evaluating efficacy and safety of BTX-A intravesical instillation and BTX-A intravesical injection.

Evaluation of a Two-Tier Screening Pathway for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in the New South Wales Newborn Screening Programme.

In Australia, all newborns born in New South Wales (NSW) and the Australia Capital Territory (ACT) have been offered screening for rare congenital conditions through the NSW Newborn Screening Programme since 1964. Following the development of the Australian Newborn Bloodspot Screening National Policy Framework, screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was included in May 2018. As part of the assessment for addition of CAH, the national working group recommended a two-tier screening protocol determining 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) concentration by immunoassay followed by steroid profile.

Effect of Oyster Meat Preload on Postmeal Glycemic Control in Healthy Young Adults.

Evidence suggests that food preload improves postmeal glycemic profiles, but the effects of marine food are poorly understood. Our study aims to verify the regulating effects of premeal oyster meat (OM) on postprandial blood glucose. Edible parts of the flesh of oyster were prepared for a randomized crossover experiment.

Oyster (Ostrea plicatula Gmelin) polysaccharides intervention ameliorates cyclophosphamide-Induced genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in mice via the Nrf2-ARE pathway.

In this study, we explored the protective effects of oyster (Ostrea plicatula Gmelin) polysaccharides (OPS) against genotoxicity and liver injury induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in BALB/c mice. OPS was administered to mice at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg for 7 consecutive days, then 50mg/kg CP was injected via abdomen. Then mice were sacrificed and samples were collected.

Involvement of the Bcl-2 family members in Pinus massoniana bark extract induced apoptosis in HeLa cells.

Pinus massoniana bark extract (PMBE) contains a variety of flavonoids whose antioxidant properties have been confirmed in vitro. This study was undertaken to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and the mechanism of cell death on the PMBE-treated human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. PMBE treatment led to cell growth inhibition in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and PMBE-induced apoptosis was confirmed by DAPI staining, TUNEL assays and sub-G1 phase accumulation.

Molecular evidence for asymmetric evolution of sister duplicated blocks after cereal polyploidy.

Polyploidy (genome duplication) is thought to have contributed to the evolution of the eukaryotic genome, but complex genome structures and massive gene loss during evolution has complicated detection of these ancestral duplication events. The major factors determining the fate of duplicated genes are currently unclear, as are the processes by which duplicated genes evolve after polyploidy. Fine-scale analysis between homologous regions may allow us to better understand post-polyploidy evolution.

[Calcium antagonistic effect of Xanthotoxol on isolated guinea pig atria].

Objective: To study the mechanism of depressant effect of xanthotoxol (XT) on contractility in the isolated guinea pig atria.

Methods: The contractile force of the isolated left atria was determined by tension recording method.

Results: In the experiments on contractility of the left atria XT and Verapamil (Ver) significantly depressed the positive staircase phenomena, which was reversed by Ver but not by XT.

[Study on therapeutic window of opportunity for Panax notoginseng saponins following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats].

Objective: To study the therapeutic window of opportunity for Panax notoginseng saponins (Pns) following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia (2 h)/reperfusion (24 h) model in male rats was induced by transient occlusion and middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 2 h and reperfusion for 24 h. Drugs were administered at 3 h, 4 h, 5 h and 6 h after the onset of ischemia respectively and neurological deficit score, infarct size and brain edema were examined.

[Effect of daidzein on antiarrhythmia].

Objective: To study the effect of Daidzein on Antiarrhythmia.

Method: The conventional antiarrhythmia methods were used.

Result: Daidzein was remarkedly effective in preventing ventricular fibrillation induced by chloroform in mice and arrhythmia induced by aconitine in rats.