Finite element models: A road to in-silico modeling in the age of personalized dentistry.

Objective: This article reviews the applications of Finite Element Models (FEMs) in personalized dentistry, focusing on treatment planning, material selection, and CAD-CAM processes. It also discusses the challenges and future directions of using finite element analysis (FEA) in dental care.

Data: This study synthesizes current literature and case studies on FEMs in personalized dentistry, analyzing research articles, clinical reports, and technical papers on the application of FEA in dental biomechanics.

Isotopological remeshing and statistical shape analysis: Enhancing premolar tooth wear classification and simulation with machine learning.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a combined approach based on an isotopological remeshing and statistical shape analysis (SSA) to capture key anatomical features of altered and intact premolars. Additionally, the study compares the capabilities of four Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in identifying or simulating tooth alterations.

Methods: 113 premolar surfaces from a multicenter database were analyzed.

The Mineral Apposition Rate on Implants with Either a Sandblasted Acid-Etched Implant Surface (SLA) or a Nanostructured Calcium-Incorporated Surface (XPEED): A Histological Split-Mouth, Randomized Case/Control Human Study.

This study aimed to histologically evaluate the effects of XPEED and SLA surface on the mineral apposition rate (MAR) at 3 and 5 weeks in titanium dental implants placed in human bone. In total, 17 titanium dental implants with XPEED surface ( = 9) used as test and SLA surface ( = 8) used as control were included in this study. Each patient received four doses of tetracycline 500 mg at 12 h intervals 2 weeks prior to biopsy retrieval.

Radiographic diagnosis of periodontal diseases - Current evidence versus innovations.

Accurate diagnosis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases relies significantly on radiographic examination, especially for assessing alveolar bone levels, bone defect morphology, and bone quality. This narrative review aimed to comprehensively outline the current state-of-the-art in radiographic diagnosis of alveolar bone diseases, covering both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) modalities. Additionally, this review explores recent technological advances in periodontal imaging diagnosis, focusing on their potential integration into clinical practice.

Bone-to-Implant Contact in Implants with Plasma-Treated Nanostructured Calcium-Incorporated Surface (XPEEDActive) Compared to Non-Plasma-Treated Implants (XPEED): A Human Histologic Study at 4 Weeks.

Titanium implants undergo an aging process through surface hydrocarbon deposition, resulting in decreased wettability and bioactivity. Plasma treatment was shown to significantly reduce surface hydrocarbons, thus improving implant hydrophilicity and enhancing the osseointegration process. This study investigates the effect of plasma surface treatment on bone-to-implant contact (BIC) of implants presenting a nanostructured calcium-incorporated surface (XPEED).

The Socket Shield Technique: Stability of the Buccal Peri-implant Bone after Partial Root Removal - A Prospective Case Series of 20 patients, with 18 Months Follow-up.

Objective: This study aims to collect data on implant survival, bone volume maintenance, and complications associated with the socket shield technique.

Background Data: The socket shield technique was introduced in 2010. Since then, several systematic reviews have been published, showing good clinical outcomes.

Developing Advanced Patient-Specific In Silico Models: A New Era in Biomechanical Analysis of Tooth Autotransplantation.

Introduction: As personalized medicine advances, there is an escalating need for sophisticated tools to understand complex biomechanical phenomena in clinical research. Recognizing a significant gap, this study pioneers the development of patient-specific in silico models for tooth autotransplantation (TAT), setting a new standard for predictive accuracy and reliability in evaluating TAT outcomes.

Methods: Development of the models relied on 6 consecutive cases of young patients (mean age 11.

Non-invasive oral implant position assessment: An ex vivo study using a 3D industrial scan as the reference model to mimic the clinical situation.

Aim: To introduce an objective method to evaluate the accuracy of implant position assessment in partially edentulous patients by comparing different techniques (conventional impression, intraoral scan, CBCT) to a reference 3D model obtained with an industrial scanner, the latter mimicking the clinical situation.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine implants were placed in four human cadaver heads using a fully guided flapless protocol. Implant position was assessed using (a) a conventional impression, (b) an intraoral scan, and (c) CBCT and compared to an industrial scan.

Real-time simulation of the transplanted tooth using model order reduction.

The biomechanics of transplanted teeth remain poorly understood due to a lack of models. In this context, finite element (FE) analysis has been used to evaluate the influence of occlusal morphology and root form on the biomechanical behavior of the transplanted tooth, but the construction of a FE model is extremely time-consuming. Model order reduction (MOR) techniques have been used in the medical field to reduce computing time, and the present study aimed to develop a reduced model of a transplanted tooth using the higher-order proper generalized decomposition method.

Automated segmentation of the mandibular canal and its anterior loop by deep learning.

Accurate mandibular canal (MC) detection is crucial to avoid nerve injury during surgical procedures. Moreover, the anatomic complexity of the interforaminal region requires a precise delineation of anatomical variations such as the anterior loop (AL). Therefore, CBCT-based presurgical planning is recommended, even though anatomical variations and lack of MC cortication make canal delineation challenging.

Ethical considerations on artificial intelligence in dentistry: A framework and checklist.

Objective: Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive and intellectual human tasks. In dentistry, AI offers the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve patient outcomes and streamline workflows. The present study provides a framework and a checklist to evaluate AI applications in dentistry from this perspective.

Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis: A Potential Risk Indicator for Peri-implantitis? A Case Series.

Purpose: To propose diffuse osteomyelitis as risk indicator for peri-implantitis following the loss of several dental implants in patients that present with highly sclerotic bone areas.

Materials And Methods: A total of six "nightmare cases"-three of which were treated at the Department of Periodontology of the University Hospitals of the Catholic University Leuven and three of which were referred there for a second opinion-were retrospectively analyzed using radiographs obtained via contact with referring clinicians in order to fully reconstruct the treatment pathway and dental history for each of these patients.

Results: All patients suffered from early implant failures and/or severe peri-implantitis with bone loss and crater formation up to the apical level, as well as the loss of all or nearly all implants.

Performance of novice versus experienced surgeons for dental implant placement with freehand, static guided and dynamic navigation approaches.

Lack of evidence exists related to the investigation of the accuracy and efficacy of novice versus experienced practitioners for dental implant placement. Hence, the following in vitro study was conducted to assess the accuracy of implant positioning and self-efficacy of novice compared to experienced surgeons for placing implant using freehand (FH), pilot drill-based partial guidance (PPG) and dynamic navigation (DN) approaches. The findings revealed that DN significantly improved the angular accuracy of implant placement compared with FH (P < 0.

Nanostructured Calcium-Incorporated Surface Compared to Machined and SLA Dental Implants-A Split-Mouth Randomized Case/Double-Control Histological Human Study.

Background: Implant surface topography is a key element in achieving osseointegration. Nanostructured surfaces have shown promising results in accelerating and improving bone healing around dental implants. The main objective of the present clinical and histological study is to compare, at 4 and 6 weeks, (w) bone-to-implant contact in implants having either machined surface (MAC), sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched implant surface (SLA) medium roughness surface or a nanostructured calcium-incorporated surface (XPEED®).

Individual "alveolar phenotype" limits dimensions of lateral bone augmentation.

Aim: Alveolar ridge resorption following tooth extraction often renders a lateral bone augmentation inevitable. Some patients, however, suffer from severe early (during graft healing, E ) and/or late (during follow-up, L ) graft resorption. We explored the hypothesis that the "individual phenotypic dimensions" may partially explain the degree of such resorptions.

Influence of experience on dental implant placement: an in vitro comparison of freehand, static guided and dynamic navigation approaches.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the performance of novice versus experienced practitioners for placing dental implant using freehand, static guided and dynamic navigation approaches.

Methods: A total of 72 implants were placed in 36 simulation models. Three experienced and three novice practitioners were recruited for performing the osteotomy and implant insertion with freehand, surgical guide (pilot-drill guidance) and navigation (X-Guide, X-Nav technologies) approaches.

Precision medicine using patient-specific modelling: state of the art and perspectives in dental practice.

The dental practice has largely evolved in the last 50 years following a better understanding of the biomechanical behaviour of teeth and its supporting structures, as well as developments in the fields of imaging and biomaterials. However, many patients still encounter treatment failures; this is related to the complex nature of evaluating the biomechanical aspects of each clinical situation due to the numerous patient-specific parameters, such as occlusion and root anatomy. In parallel, the advent of cone beam computed tomography enabled researchers in the field of odontology as well as clinicians to gather and model patient data with sufficient accuracy using image processing and finite element technologies.

Automated detection and labelling of teeth and small edentulous regions on cone-beam computed tomography using convolutional neural networks.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of a novel Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven tool for automated detection of teeth and small edentulous regions on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images.

Materials And Methods: After AI training and testing with 175 CBCT scans (130 for training and 40 for testing), validation was performed on a total of 46 CBCT scans selected for this purpose. Scans were split into fully dentate and partially dentate patients (small edentulous regions).

Development and validation of a novel artificial intelligence driven tool for accurate mandibular canal segmentation on CBCT.

Objectives: The objective of this study is the development and validation of a novel artificial intelligence driven tool for fast and accurate mandibular canal segmentation on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: A total of 235 CBCT scans from dentate subjects needing oral surgery were used in this study, allowing for development, training and validation of a deep learning algorithm for automated mandibular canal (MC) segmentation on CBCT. Shape, diameter and direction of the MC were adjusted on all CBCT slices using a voxel-wise approach.

Regenerative Endodontic Procedure of Immature Permanent Teeth with Leukocyte and Platelet-rich Fibrin: A Multicenter Controlled Clinical Trial.

Introduction: The aim of this nonrandomized, multicenter controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the impact of leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (LPRF) on regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) of immature permanent teeth in terms of periapical bone healing (PBH) and further root development (RD).

Methods: Healthy patients between 6-25 years with an inflamed or necrotic immature permanent tooth were included and divided between the test (= REP + LPRF) and control (= REP-LPRF) group depending on their compliance and the clinical setting (university hospital or private practice). After receiving REP ± LPRF, the patients were recalled after 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.

Artificial Intelligence for Fast and Accurate 3-Dimensional Tooth Segmentation on Cone-beam Computed Tomography.

Introduction: Tooth segmentation on cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging is a labor-intensive task considering the limited contrast resolution and potential disturbance by various artifacts. Fully automated tooth segmentation cannot be achieved by merely relying on CBCT intensity variations. This study aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tool for automated tooth segmentation on CBCT imaging.

Artificial intelligence-driven novel tool for tooth detection and segmentation on panoramic radiographs.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a new artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tool for tooth detection and segmentation on panoramic radiographs.

Materials And Methods: In total, 153 radiographs were collected. A dentomaxillofacial radiologist labeled and segmented each tooth, serving as the ground truth.

Bone Lid Technique Using a Piezoelectric Device for the Treatment of a Mandibular Bony Lesion.

Different techniques for the enucleation of jaw cyst lesion in the oral and maxillofacial regions have been proposed, including the bone lid technique. The purpose of this case report is to describe the case of a cystic lesion, approached with the bone lid technique performed using a piezoelectric device, with an 8-month clinical and radiographic follow-up. A 14-year-old male patient was treated for a suspicious lesion detected on a panoramic radiograph.

Standard Drilling Versus Ultrasonic Implant Site Preparation: A Clinical Study at 4 Weeks After Insertion of Conical Implants.

Objective: Clinically evaluate implants placed after ultrasonic implant site preparation (UISP) and standard drilling (SD).

Materials And Methods: Ten patients received 21 implants placed using UISP (n = 11) or SD (n = 10). Bone quality was hand assessed and final insertion torque (IT), resonance frequency analysis (ISQ) at baseline and ISQ, and removal torque values (RTV) at 4 weeks were recorded and compared.