Differential modulation of GR signaling and HDACs in the development of resilient/vulnerable phenotype and antidepressant-like response of vorinostat.

The present study explored the antidepressant potential of vorinostat (VOR) against chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in mice. Since this model has the remarkable capacity to delineate the resilient and the defeated mice, we also looked for their molecular deviations. Defeated mice showed classical phenotypic alterations such as anhedonia, social avoidance, anxiety and despair.

Cognitive Improvement by Vorinostat through Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Corticosterone-Induced Chronic Stress Model in Mice.

Chronic stress is the leading cause of memory impairment today. Various stress-based models are being developed for studying cognitive impairment. Repurposing of existing drugs in a new pharmacology class is the safest and cheapest option for treatment instead of new drug discovery.

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone alleviated the high-fat diet and alcohol-induced memory impairment: behavioral, biochemical and molecular evidence.

Rationale: Alcoholism and obesity impart a deleterious impact on human health and affects the quality of life. Chronic consumption of alcohol and western diet has been reported to cause memory deficits. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a TrkB agonist, comprises antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in treating various neurological disorders.

Amelioration of Repeated Restraint Stress-Induced Behavioral Deficits and Hippocampal Anomalies with Taurine Treatment in Mice.

Taurine, an essential neutraceutical, has been reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Substantial evidence indicates that prolonged stress is one of the leading causes of psychological and physiological anomalies. Restraint stress (RS) rat model is the most widely used experimental model for the induction of chronic psycho-emotional stress.

Hepatoprotective potential of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone against alcohol and high-fat diet induced liver toxicity via attenuation of oxido-nitrosative stress and NF-κB activation.

Background: Fatty liver diseases are the most common and major health concern arises from the modern lifestyle and alcohol (ethanol) abuse. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) has been observed prominently in obese and diabetic individuals, while alcoholic liver disease is common in alcoholic persons. Fatty liver disease, such as steatohepatitis, leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma.

An Overview of the Heterogeneity of Major Depressive Disorder: Current Knowledge and Future Prospective.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is estimated to impose maximum debilitating effects on the society by 2030, with its critical effects on health, functioning, quality of life and concomitant high levels of morbidity and mortality. Yet, the disease is inadequately understood, diagnosed and treated. Moreover, with the recent drastic rise in the pace of life, stress has materialized as one of the most potent environmental factors for depression.

Docosahexaenoic Acid Increases the Potency of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor in Alleviating Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Complications of Diabetes.

Diabetes is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and it is associated with significant memory loss. In the present study, we hypothesized that the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor N-[1-(1-oxopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N'-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-urea (also known as TPPU) could alleviate diabetes-aggravated Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms by improving memory and cognition, and reducing the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with this condition. Also, we evaluated the effect of edaravone, an antioxidant on diabetes-induced Alzheimer's-like complications and the additive effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the efficacy of TPPU.

Differential effect of NDGA on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Spargue-Dawley rats.

Nephrotoxicity is a highly manifested complication in cancer patients undergoing cisplatin therapy. Oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and inflammation are the major patho-mechanisms of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effect of pretreatment and post-treatment of nordihydroguaiarectic acid (NDGA) on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Ameliorative effect of fisetin against lipopolysaccharide and restraint stress-induced behavioral deficits via modulation of NF-κB and IDO-1.

Background: Fisetin, a plant active polyphenol, is well known for its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. The present study was designed to explore the detailed molecular mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects.

Methods: The young male mice were either administered a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (0.

Voluntary alcohol consumption exacerbated high fat diet-induced cognitive deficits by NF-κB-calpain dependent apoptotic cell death in rat hippocampus: Ameliorative effect of melatonin.

Modern sedentary lifestyle with altered dietary habits imposes the risk of human health towards several metabolic disorders such as obesity. The metabolic insults negatively affect the mental health status and quality life of affected individuals. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaf extract ameliorates hyperlipidemia- and hyperglycemia-associated nephrotoxicity by improving anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory status in high-fat diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disorder coupled with impaired glucose tolerance, diminished insulin sensitivity and hyperlipidemia. Incessant hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia led a towering risk to develop cardiovascular hitches with end-stage renal failure. Leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.

Crocin attenuates cyclophosphamide induced testicular toxicity by preserving glutathione redox system.

Chemotherapy induced testicular toxicity is an emerging reason for azoospermia and impotency in males. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent to manage neoplastic and non-neoplastic autoimmune diseases. Testicular toxicity along with bladder and hepatotoxicity are its widely reported adverse effects.

Antidepressant activity of vorinostat is associated with amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation in a corticosterone-induced chronic stress model in mice.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial neuropsychiatric disorder. Chronic administration of corticosterone (CORT) to rodents is used to mimic the stress associated dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a well-established feature found in depressive patients. Recently, preclinical studies have demonstrated the antidepressant potential of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors.

Insulin signaling: An opportunistic target to minify the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and neurodegeneration. The diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the risk factors for AD pathogenesis by impairment in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in central as well as peripheral system. Insulin resistance, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism are leading to the Aβ (Aβ) aggregation, Tau phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein misfolding, memory impairment and also mark over Aβ transport through central to peripheral and vice versa.

Preventive effect of berberine against DMBA-induced breast cancer in female Sprague Dawley rats.

Breast cancer is the prime cause for cancer mortality in women worldwide. The importance of diverse natural and dietary agents to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer is well established. Berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid found in many medicinal plants is widely used in traditional Indian and Chinese medicine.

Alcohol aggravates stress-induced cognitive deficits and hippocampal neurotoxicity: Protective effect of melatonin.

Stressful events and alcohol abuse are the cumbersome situations which can synergistically predispose the negative effects on the brain. Oxidative stress generated by chronic immobilization and alcohol consumption cause severe neurotoxicity in the hippocampus region that ultimately leads to cognitive dysfunction. In the current study, we have investigated the involvement of NF-κB/Nrf/HO-1 transduction pathway in stress and alcohol exposed animals.

The renoprotective activity of hesperetin in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Molecular and biochemical evidence.

Nephrotoxicity remain a major life-threatening complication in cancer patients on cisplatin chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the protective effect and possible cellular mechanism of the hesperetin, a naturally-occurring bioflavonoid against cisplatin-induced renal injury in rats. Hesperetin was administered at a dose of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg orally for 10days and cisplatin (7.

Small Molecule Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-kB Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Suppresses Renal Inflammation in Early Stage of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rat.

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus which ultimately gives rise to cardiovascular diseases. Prolonged hyperglycaemia and chronic renal inflammation are the two key players in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Nuclear factor kB (NF-kB)-mediated inflammatory cascade is a strong contributor to the renovascular inflammation in diabetic nephropathy.

Edaravone alleviates cisplatin-induced neurobehavioral deficits via modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in the rat hippocampus.

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of malignant tumors. A major clinical limitation of cisplatin is its potential toxic effects, including neurotoxicity. Edaravone, a potent free radical scavenger, has been reported to have the neuroprotective effect against neurological deficits.

Epigenetic Modifications, Alcoholic Brain and Potential Drug Targets.

Acute and chronic alcohol exposure evidently influences epigenetic changes, both transiently and permanently, and these changes in turn influence a variety of cells and organ systems throughout the body. Many of the alcohol-induced epigenetic modifications can contribute to cellular adaptations that ultimately lead to behavioral tolerance and alcohol dependence. The persistence of behavioral changes demonstrates that long-lasting changes in gene expression, within particular regions of the brain, may contribute importantly to the addiction phenotype.

Molecular and biochemical evidence on the protective effects of quercetin in isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial injury in rats.

Cardioprotection represents one of the most important and realistic aspects of preventive therapy today. Quercetin, a naturally occurring dietary flavone, has been studied extensively for its antioxidant properties. The objective of present study is to find out the cardioprotective activity and to explore the underlying mechanisms of quercetin pretreatment (50 mg/kg body weight, orally) for 14 days against isoproterenol (ISO; 100 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously) induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats.

Diosmin Modulates the NF-kB Signal Transduction Pathways and Downregulation of Various Oxidative Stress Markers in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy.

Hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress plays an imperative role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. NF-kB is an important transcription factor in eukaryotes which regulates a diverse array of cellular process, including inflammation, immunological response, apoptosis, growth and development. Increased expression of NF-kB plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases including diabetic nephropathy.

Emergence of vanA gene among vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a tertiary care hospital of North - East India.

Background & Objectives: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become one of the most challenging nosocomial pathogens with the rapid spread of the multi-drug resistant strain with limited therapeutic options. It is a matter of concern due to its ability to transfer vancomycin resistant gene to other organisms. The present study was undertaken to determine the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and the vanA gene among the isolates in a tertiary care hospital of North-East India.

Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Behavioral Alterations Are Alleviated by Sodium Phenylbutyrate via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammatory Cascade.

Oxido-nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and reduced level of neurotrophins are implicated in the pathophysiology of anxiety and depressive illness. A few recent studies have revealed the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathophysiology of stress and depression. The aim of the present study is to investigate the neuroprotective potential of sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB), an ER stress inhibitor against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anxiety and depressive-like behavior in Swiss albino mice.