Regulation of PGC-1α of the Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism Pathway in the Gills of Indian Medaka () under Hypothermal Stress.

Ectothermic fish exposure to hypothermal stress requires adjusting their metabolic molecular machinery, which was investigated using Indian medaka (; 10 weeks old, 2.5 ± 0.5 cm) cultured in fresh water (FW) and seawater (SW; 35‱) at room temperature (28 ± 1 °C).

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment.

The study of warming impact on soils requires a realistic and accurate representation of temperature. In laboratory incubation studies, a widely adopted method has been to render constant temperatures in multiple chambers, and via comparisons of soil responses between low- and high-temperature chambers, to derive the warming impact on soil changes. However, this commonly used method failed to imitate both the magnitude and amplitude of actual temperatures as observed in field conditions, thus potentially undermining the validity of such studies.

Effects of nitrogen fertilization and bioenergy crop species on central tendency and spatial heterogeneity of soil glycosidase activities.

Extracellular glycosidases in soil, produced by microorganisms, act as major agents for decomposing labile soil organic carbon (e.g., cellulose).