Implementation of Physical Activity in the Curricula of Medical Schools and Healthcare Professions Across Europe: The VANGUARD Project Study Protocol.

Introduction: The 2018 published World Health Organisation (WHO) Europe physical activity factsheet reports, specify agreed targets for physical activity and articulate the need to improve the education of medical doctors and healthcare practitioners in order to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time in people at risk and/or living with Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs). Given the dearth of relevant initiatives and the continuous need to increase physical activity participation towards better health management of NCDs, the aim of this study is to embed physical activity in the undergraduate curricula of future frontline healthcare professionals (medical doctors and allied health professions) in European countries.

Methods: The irtual dvice, urturing, uidance on niversal ction, esearch and evelopment for physical activity and sport engagement (VANGUARD) project consists of a collaborative partnership Consortium between six European Universities, WHO Europe and Ministry representatives that has been developed to implement physical activity in the curricula of medical schools and healthcare professions.

Effectiveness of the Walking in ScHools (WISH) Study, a peer-led walking intervention for adolescent girls: results of a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Most adolescent girls fail to meet current physical activity guidelines. Physical activity behaviours track from childhood into adulthood and providing adolescent girls with opportunities to be physically active may have health benefits beyond childhood. The effects of walking interventions on adult cardiometabolic health are known, however less is understood about the potential of walking to promote physical activity in adolescents.

Teaching Professionalism during and Posta Pandemic to Surgical Trainees: A Survey of the Impact of a Workshop on Trainers and Trainees.

Introduction: Focussed professionalism training improves surgical trainees' communication, information gathering, and counselling skills. This study reviews the impact of a professionalism workshop for surgical trainees within a large trust in the United Kingdom developed during the pandemic to support the trainees and help them develop resilience and appropriate behaviours during the time of increased pressure.

Methods: A workshop involving case-based discussions and reflections on professionalism was developed from the themes and methods of training noted to be effective on a literature search of Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases carried out in May 2020.

'Including us, talking to us and creating a safe environment'-Youth patient and public involvement and the Walking In ScHools (WISH) Study: Lessons learned.

Background: Young people have the right to be informed and consulted about decisions affecting their lives. Patient and public involvement (PPI) ensures that research is carried out 'with' or 'by' young people rather than 'to', 'about' or 'for' them. The aim of this paper is to outline how youth PPI can be embedded within a physical activity intervention, reflect on the impact of PPI and provide recommendations for future PPI in a similar context.

Outcomes of day case shoulder replacement surgery in a stand-alone day care unit in the United Kingdom.

Background: This review aims to compare the outcomes for day case shoulder replacement with in-patient shoulder replacement surgery in a district general hospital.

Methods: Seventy-three patients had 82 shoulder arthroplasty procedures. Forty-six procedures were undertaken in a dedicated stand-alone day-case unit and 36 were undertaken as in-patient cases.

Harms of exercise training in patients with cancer undergoing systemic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished controlled trials.

Background: Exercise is recommended for people with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the harms of exercise in patients with cancer undergoing systemic treatment.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis included published and unpublished controlled trials comparing exercise interventions versus controls in adults with cancer scheduled to undergo systemic treatment.

Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), a disorder in which the parathyroid glands produce excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone, is most common in older adults and postmenopausal women. While most people with PHPT are asymptomatic at diagnosis, symptomatic disease can lead to hypercalcaemia, osteoporosis, renal stones, cardiovascular abnormalities and reduced quality of life. Surgical removal of abnormal parathyroid tissue (parathyroidectomy) is the only established treatment for adults with symptomatic PHPT to prevent exacerbation of symptoms and to be cured of PHPT.

Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Urine C-peptide Creatinine Ratio for the Correct Identification of the Type of Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

: To examine the accuracy of urine c-peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) for identifying the type of diabetes in appropriate clinical settings. : Systematic review of test accuracy studies on patients with different forms of diabetes. : Medline, Embase and Cochrane library databases from 1 January 2000 to 15 November 2020.

A prospective evaluation of the American College of Surgeons Surgical Risk Calculator as a predictor of complications for breast surgery.

Background: The infection rates for operative management of breast cancer are often unpredictable and higher than average for a clean surgical procedure (0.8% and 28%). We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Surgical Risk Calculator (SRC), a preoperative scoring system to calculate the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) and serious complications following breast surgery.

Perioperative exercise training for patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Exercise training is emerging as a supportive treatment strategy in surgical oncology, but its effects remain uncertain in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of perioperative exercise training on gastrointestinal cancer-specific mortality, recurrence, and surgical outcomes (postoperative complications, hospitalization, surgical stress) in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of perioperative exercise training versus control in patients with GI cancer were eligible.

Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Mental Health, and Social Media Use During COVID-19 Lockdown Among Adolescent Girls: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: To suppress the transmission of coronavirus, many governments, including that of the island of Ireland, implemented a societal lockdown, which included school closures, limits on social gatherings, and time outdoors. This study aimed to evaluate changes in physical activity (PA), mental health, sleep, and social media use among adolescent girls during lockdown.

Methods: 281 female pupils (12-14 y) taking part in the ongoing Walking In Schools study on the island of Ireland self-reported PA, mental health, sleep, and social media use before (September-October 2019) and during lockdown (May-June 2020), via questionnaires.

Non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas: factors affecting postoperative recurrence, and pre- and post-surgical endocrine and visual function.

Background: Non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFPAs) with visual field defects are ideally managed by transsphenoidal tumour resection to improve vision, and long-term postsurgical follow up is necessary to monitor for tumour recurrence. Regular updates from global data are necessary for developing optimal management strategies of these tumours.

Methods: Pre- and postoperative visual and endocrine profile, imaging characteristics and details of surgical interventions among patients with NFPAs managed between 2008 and 2019 in a UK regional centre were assessed.

Seasonal variation in trauma admissions to a level III trauma unit over 10 years.

Introduction: Major trauma centres have improved morbidity and mortality for moderate and severely injured patients. Less injured patients may be treated in facilities less resourced for trauma care. In these units, understanding the variations in injury presentation and treatment over time allows service delivery to be tailored to demand.

Rising to the challenge: designing, implementing and reporting exercise oncology trials in understudied populations.

Exercise can improve cancer-related fatigue, quality of life and physical fitness, but is understudied in less common cancers such as multiple myeloma. Studying less common cancers and the adoption of novel study designs and open-science practices would improve the generalisability, transparency, rigour, credibility and reproducibility of exercise oncology research.

A study protocol for a clustered randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer-led school-based walking intervention on adolescent girls' physical activity: the Walking In ScHools (WISH) study.

Background: Adolescent girls in the UK and Ireland are failing to meet current physical activity guidelines. Physical activity behaviours track from childhood to adulthood and it is important that adolescent girls are provided with opportunities to be physically active. Walking has been a central focus for physical activity promotion in adults and may effectively increase physical activity levels among younger people.

Survival at 10 years following lower extremity amputations in patients with diabetic foot disease.

Background: Amputations are associated with markedly reduced long-term survival in patients with diabetic foot disease. However, there is paucity of long-term survival data in published literature.

Methods: We searched the electronic case records and laboratory details of patients who underwent amputations between 1997 and 2006 to obtain at least 10 years of follow up data after the surgery to assess the survival rates and possible risk factors reducing survival in the year 2016.

Moving Sport and Exercise Science Forward: A Call for the Adoption of More Transparent Research Practices.

The primary means of disseminating sport and exercise science research is currently through journal articles. However, not all studies, especially those with null findings, make it to formal publication. This publication bias towards positive findings may contribute to questionable research practices.

The effects of physical exercise on cardiometabolic outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome not taking the oral contraceptive pill: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit many metabolic abnormalities that are associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk. Exercise may promote improvements in lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS. There is however, a knowledge gap on the optimal dose of exercise, regarding duration, intensity, type, and frequency of exercise.

Postdiagnosis sedentary behavior and health outcomes in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: High levels of sedentary behavior may negatively affect health outcomes in cancer survivors. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to clarify whether postdiagnosis sedentary behavior is related to survival, patient-reported outcomes, and anthropometric outcomes in cancer survivors.

Methods: The Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL (The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from study inception to June 2019.

The Effects of Continuous Compared to Accumulated Exercise on Health: A Meta-Analytic Review.

Background: Public health guidelines suggest that physical activity can be accumulated in multiple short bouts dispersed through the day. A synthesis of the evidence for this approach is lacking.

Objective: Our objective was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine if exercise interventions consisting of a single bout of exercise compared with interventions comprising the same total duration, mode, and intensity of exercise accumulated over the course of the day have different effects on health outcomes in adults.

The effects of exercise on cardiometabolic outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome not taking the oral contraceptive pill: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy, affecting 4-12% of reproductive-aged women. Women with PCOS often exhibit many metabolic abnormalities that are associated with an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, independent of obesity. Exercise interventions from 12 to 24 weeks have been shown to have positive effects on blood lipid profile, ovulation and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

The Effects of Green Exercise on Physical and Mental Wellbeing: A Systematic Review.

We aimed to examine the evidence for the proposed additive effect of exercise in the presence of nature (green exercise) by systematically reviewing studies that investigated the effects of outdoor or virtual green exercise compared with indoor exercise. Our review updates an earlier review, whose searches were conducted in April 2010. Trials were eligible if: (a) participants in an outdoor or virtual exercise condition were exposed to views of nature (green exercise); (b) green exercise was compared with indoor exercise with no exposure to nature; (c) included an outcome related to physical or mental health; (d) used comparative or crossover trial design.

Exercise, or exercise and diet for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Typically, management of PCOS focuses on lifestyle changes (exercise and diet), aiming to alleviate symptoms, and lower the associated risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to analyse evidence on the effectiveness of exercise in the management of PCOS, when compared to (i) usual care, (ii) diet alone, and (iii) exercise combined with diet, and also exercise combined with diet, compared to (i) control or usual care and (ii) diet alone.

Methods: Relevant databases were searched (June 2017) with no time limit for trial inclusion.