Assessment of diaphragmatic levels on plain chest radiograph--a new approach.

Background: The aim of this study was to provide an alternate simple linear measurement of diaphragmatic levels from a relatively fixed position, the lung apex, on chest radiographs.

Study Design: 526 consecutive posteroanterior (PA) chest radiographs of Nigerian adult subjects reported as normal were evaluated. The 'Lung apex to diaphragmatic apex' (LATDA) distances in centimeters for both hemidiaphragms were obtained from the chest radiographs.

An unusual presentation of congenital bronchoesophageal fistula.

We present the case of a 5-week-old neonate with multiple congenital abnormalities including a broncho-oesophageal fistula, which showed radiological features suggestive of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Emergency limited barium swallow done was initially reported as a case of diaphragmatic hernia. Autopsy revealed pus within the right lung, and a fistulous connection between the oesophagus and an intralobar sequestrated lung.

The Ibadan conjoined twins: a report of omphalopagus twins and a review of cases reported in Nigeria over 60 years.

An omphalopagus set of female conjoined twins, undiagnosed prenatally, who presented as obstructed labour needing operative delivery is reported. Their anatomic characteristics and clinical features, including overwhelming sepsis in twin II which forced early separation, and those which led to their demise are described. Twelve other cases reported in Nigeria over the past 60 years are reviewed with reference to the aetiology and epidemiology of conjoined twinning and the determinants of successful surgical separation.

A fatal case of paraquat poisoning in a Nigerian.

A fatal case of paraquat poisoning in an adolescent girl is reported. Death resulted from respiratory failure because of extensive interstitial and intra-alveolar fibrosis.

Sinography in chronic fistulating osteomyelitis in sickle-cell anaemia.

The sinographic appearances in 18 long bones of 14 consecutive patients with sickle-cell anaemia and chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis were studied prospectively; the observed features were compared with the plain radiographic and operative findings. Four sinographic patterns were noted: (1) infected bone cavities with or without sequestra; (2) extensive soft-tissue tracks, alone or in association with infected bone cavities; (3) narrow, wavy intramedullary tracks; (4) short sinus tracks in the soft tissue. Plain films were of no value in demonstrating the presence and extent of soft-tissue and narrow intramedullary tracks; they failed to show infected bone cavities in four instances because of very sclerotic bone.

A basic X-ray service for a rural community in Southwestern Nigeria 1976-1980. A preliminary report.

The development of a basic X-ray service in a rural community in southwestern Nigeria is reviewed over a period of 5 years. Of the 3,278 examinations done during this period, chest X-rays constituted 56%. Most of the other examinations were requested on account of trauma of upper and lower extremities: 42 and 43%, respectively.

Radiological evaluation of anal fistulae: a prospective study of fistulograms.

A review of 33 fistulograms in a four-year study is presented. Four types of communicating tracts have emerged: single (58%), branched (18%), fistulous abscess (15%) and compound (9%). This classification has formed the basis of selection of operative treatment in all the cases.

Studies on the prevalence of renal disease and hypertension in relation to schistosomiasis. V. Radiological findings: plain X-ray abdomen and intravenous pyelogram.

After studying two rural communities with varing endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis by total cross-sectional population survey, a stratified sample was obtained using defined criteria. Plain X-ray abdomen and intravenous pyelogram were carried out on the sample. Findings on plain X-ray of the abdomen, using the usual parameters of psoas and kidney shadows in the Nigerian, indicate that the two communities studied are similar but urinary calculi and urinary tract distortion are significantly more prominent in the community with the higher endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis.

The radiologic features of fibrous dysplasia of the craniofacial bones.

The radiographs of twenty-five patients (eight males, seventeen females) with histologically proven craniofacial fibrous dysplasia were analyzed. The lesions could be classified into six radiologic types: (1) peau d'orange, (2) whorled plaquelike, (3) diffuse sclerotic, (4) cystlike (multilocular or unilocular), (5) pagetoid, and (6) chalky types. The peau d'orange type was by far the most common (40 per cent) followed by the plaquelike (20 per cent, cystlike (16 per cent), and sclerotic (12 per cent).

Radiology of multiloculated fibrous dysplasia of the jaws.

Three cases of multiloculated lesion of the jaw (two in the mandible and one in the maxillar) closely mimicking ameloblastoma are described. Histology showed all three to be fibrous dysplasia. Against a diagnosis of ameloblastoma were (1) the relative fuzziness of the margins of the loculi and septae; (2) the mineralization of the matrix which gave a ground-glass background instead of the distinct radiolucency seen in ameloblastoma; and (3) the non-resorption of the dental root apices within the lesion.

Tomography of petrous bone in deafness associated with Paget's disease.

Two cases of Paget's disease presenting with deafness are described. Tomography of the petrous bones showed, in both cases, an upward tilt of the long axes of the bones including their auditory canals, generalized sclerosis of the petrous pyramids and enlargement of the ossicles. In one case, there was narrowing of the internal auditory canal.

Radiological features of tuberculosis of the spine in Ibadan, Nigeria.

In Nigeria, tuberculosis of the spine remains an important medical problem in the diagnosis and management of which radiology plays an invaluable role. The present study reviewed sixty-nine cases seen in 1966-1972 at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The possible radiological classification of the disease was grouped into seven different types:- (i) disc space narrowing only (ii) kissing lesions; (iii) wedge collapse of vertebra; (iv) vertebra plana; (v) lesions localised in the vertebral body and/or its appendages; (vi) para-spinal abscesses; (vii) complete destruction of vertebral body.

Albright's syndrome in a Nigerian: a case report.

A Nigerian male with typical features of Albright's syndrome will be described. Although the lesions were predominantly unilateral, his main complaint was that of severe facial deformity. He had a radical excision of the facial lesion which was followed by a rapid recurrence.

Urinary tract changes in obstetric vesico-vaginal fistulae: a report of 216 cases studied by intravenous urography.

Intravenous urographies carried out routinely on 216 cases of vesico-vaginal fistulae were reviewed. All the patients had suffered from urinary incontinence following obstructed labour for periods varying from immediate post-partum period to as long as 35 years with the majority (48%) presenting in the first year of the disease. One hundred and eleven patients (51-4%) showed no urinary tract abnormality.

Fibrous dysplasia of the jaws in Nigerians.

The clinicoradiologic features and surgical treatment of fibrous dysplasia of the jaws in forty-seven Nigerian patients are described. Marked facial deformity and functional disturbances were the main indications for operation. We noticed one case of malignant transformation.

Endomyocardial fibrosis. Problems in differential diagnosis.

The clinical and angiographic findings in 5 consecutive patients with congestive cardiac failure are presented to illustrate the pitfalls in the clinical diagnosis of endomyocardial fibrosis. In one patient the clinical diagnosis was confirmed at angiography while another patient who had angiographic evidence of early right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis was diagnosed clinically as mitral stenosis. In 2 patients the clinical diagnosis was erroneous, there being no evidence of endomyocardial fibrosis on angiography.

Ankylosis of the mandible from cancrum oris.

We present 30 cases of ankylosis of the lower jaw following cancrum oris. The clinical and radiological findings, the anesthetic methods, and the surgical management are described. Adequate excision of limiting scar and any bony ankylosis, with immediate mucosal or skin coverage of any raw surfaces created, is the proper approach.

Post mortem coronary arteriography in Nigerians: a radiological review.

The findings in 147 unselected consecutive post mortem coronary arteriograms carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, are analysed. The so-called third primary division of the left coronary artery was noted in 35% of cases which is much less than the 74% quoted for the South African Bantu. In atrial blood supply, there was a definite predominance of one coronary artery.

Lamellation of the diploe in the skulls of patients with sickle cell anaemia.

This study describes the radiological and pathological findings in a necropsy series of 70 skulls of Nigerian patients with sickle cell gene, and 70 controls matched for sex and age with no sickle cell gene. 6 (35%) of the 17 patients with sickle anaemia, or 17% of 35 patients with sickle cell gene excluding the trait, all under age 10 years, were shown to have bone trabeculae within the diploe arranged in stripes parallel to the curvature of the cranial tables on radiography. Histological examination of the skulls with curvilinear stripes showed long trabeculae of bone within the diploe similarly arranged in parallel rows but joint at variable intervals by short bridges of bone.