Wastewater from healthcare centers in Burkina Faso is a source of ESBL, AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have spread into the environment worldwide posing a potential public health threat. However, the prevalence data for low- and middle-income countries are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of ESBL, AmpC-β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing and multidrug-resistant E.