Activation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid by a 940 nm diode laser for enhanced removal of smear layer.

Laser enhancement of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with cetrimide (EDTAC) has previously been shown to increase removal of smear layer, for middle-infrared erbium lasers. This study evaluated the efficiency of EDTAC activation using a near-infrared-pulsed 940 nm laser delivered by plain fibre tips into 15% EDTAC or 3% hydrogen peroxide. Root canals in 4 groups of 10 single roots were prepared using rotary files, with controls for the presence and absence of smear layer.

[Effect of cocoa on excretion of oxalate, citrate, magnesium and calcium in the urine of children].

Cocoa is a strong carrier of oxalic acid (average: 400 mg per 100 g). In three calcium oxalate stone formers clinical observation had been suggestive of excessive intake of cocoa products contributing to calculus formation. We studied the effect on renal oxalate excretion of an oral cocoa load (30 g per m2 body surface given on 2 consecutive days) in 12 former stone formers (group 1), 14 children with isolated microscopic haematuria (group 2), 13 healthy boys (group 3), and 12 healthy girls (group 4).