The impact of conventional and organic farming on soil biodiversity conservation: a case study on termites in the long-term farming systems comparison trials in Kenya.

Background: A long-term experiment at two trial sites in Kenya has been on-going since 2007 to assess the effect of organic and conventional farming systems on productivity, profitability and sustainability. During these trials the presence of significant numbers of termites (Isoptera) was observed. Termites are major soil macrofauna and within literature they are either depict as 'pests' or as important indicator for environmental sustainability.

Termite-Induced Injuries to Maize and Baby Corn under Organic and Conventional Farming Systems in the Central Highlands of Kenya.

Termite-induced injuries to maize and baby corn were evaluated in on-going comparison experiments on organic and conventional farming systems at two trial sites in the Central Highlands of Kenya (Chuka and Thika). The farming systems were established in 2007 at two input levels: Low input level, representing subsistence farming (Conv-Low, Org-Low) and high input level, representing commercial farming (Conv-High, Org-High). Termite-induced injuries to maize and baby corn, such as tunneling the stem or lodging the whole plant were assessed over two cropping seasons.

A new mite IPM strategy: predator avoidance behaviour resulting from the synergetic effects of predator release and acaricide-treated nets.

Background: Tetranychus evansi and T. urticae spider mites are known major pests of Solanaceae. Smallholders in Africa rely heavily on pesticide treatments.

Independent and interactive effect of plant- and mammalian- based odors on the response of the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae.

Several studies have shown that odors of plant and animal origin can be developed into lures for use in surveillance of mosquito vectors of infectious diseases. However, the effect of combining plant- and mammalian-derived odors into an improved lure for monitoring both nectar- and blood-seeking mosquito populations in traps is yet to be explored. Here we used both laboratory dual choice olfactometer and field assays to investigate responses of the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, to plant- and mammalian-derived compounds and a combined blend derived from these two odor sources.

Liriomyza Leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) Parasitoid Complex in Different Agroecological Zones, Seasons, and Host Plants in Kenya.

Liriomyza leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) are severe pests of vegetables and ornamentals worldwide. Previous studies revealed low leafminer parasitism across different agroecological zones in Kenya. The present paper reports on the composition of leafminer parasitoids at different elevations, in different seasons, and on different host crops.

Species Composition, Distribution, and Seasonal Abundance of Liriomyza Leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) Under Different Vegetable Production Systems and Agroecological Zones in Kenya.

A longitudinal study to identify the species of Liriomyza leafminer, their distribution, relative abundance, and seasonal variation, including their host range, was conducted in vegetable fields at three altitudes in Kenya from November 2011 to November 2012. Three main species were identified: Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), of which L. huidobrensis was the most abundant across all altitudes irrespective of the cropping season and accounting for over 90% of the total Liriomyza specimens collected.

MALARIA PARASITAEMIA AMONG FEBRILE CHILDREN INFECTED WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN THE CONTEXT OF PROPHYLACTIC COTRIMOXAZOLE AS STANDARD OF CARE: A CROSS- SECTIONAL SURVEY IN WESTERN KENYA.

Objective: To document the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among the HIV infected febrile children in a malaria endemic area.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: An ambulatory paediatric HIV clinic in Western Kenya, between November 2011 and December 2012.