Radiomics Analysis on Gadoxetate Disodium-Enhanced MRI Predicts Response to Transarterial Embolization in Patients with HCC.

Objectives: To explore the potential of radiomics on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) response after transarterial embolization (TAE).

Methods: This retrospective study included cirrhotic patients treated with TAE for unifocal HCC naïve to treatments. Each patient underwent gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI.

Whole-body MRI radiomics model to predict relapsed/refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: A preliminary study.

Purpose: A strong prognostic score that enables a stratification of newly diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) to identify patients at high risk of refractory/relapsed disease is still needed. Our aim was to investigate the potential value of a radiomics analysis pipeline from whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) exams for clinical outcome prediction in patients with HL.

Materials And Methods: Index lesions from baseline WB-MRIs of 40 patients (22 females; mean age 31.

Diagnostic performance of qualitative and radiomics approach to parotid gland tumors: which is the added benefit of texture analysis?

Objective: To investigate whether MRI-based texture analysis improves diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of parotid gland tumors compared to conventional radiological approach.

Methods: Patients with parotid gland tumors who underwent salivary glands MRI between 2008 and 2019 were retrospectively selected. MRI analysis included a qualitative assessment by two radiologists (one of which subspecialized on head and neck imaging), and texture analysis on various sequences.

Deep Learning Network for Segmentation of the Prostate Gland With Median Lobe Enlargement in T2-weighted MR Images: Comparison With Manual Segmentation Method.

Purpose: Aim of this study was to evaluate a fully automated deep learning network named Efficient Neural Network (ENet) for segmentation of prostate gland with median lobe enlargement compared to manual segmentation.

Materials And Methods: One-hundred-three patients with median lobe enlargement on prostate MRI were retrospectively included. Ellipsoid formula, manual segmentation and automatic segmentation were used for prostate volume estimation using T2 weighted MRI images.

Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Current Role in Patients with Lymphoma.

Imaging of lymphoma is based on the use of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG-PET/CT) and/or contrast-enhanced CT, but concerns have been raised regarding radiation exposure related to imaging scans in patients with cancer, and its association with increased risk of secondary tumors in patients with lymphoma has been established. To date, lymphoproliferative disorders are among the most common indications to perform whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Whole-body MRI is superior to contrast-enhanced CT for staging the disease, also being less dependent on histology if compared to F-FDG-PET/CT.

Radiomics analysis of 18F-Choline PET/CT in the prediction of disease outcome in high-risk prostate cancer: an explorative study on machine learning feature classification in 94 patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was (1) to investigate the application of texture analysis of choline PET/CT images in prostate cancer (PCa) patients and (2) to propose a machine-learning radiomics model able to select PET features predictive of disease progression in PCa patients with a same high-risk class at restaging.

Material And Methods: Ninety-four high-risk PCa patients who underwent restaging Cho-PET/CT were analyzed. Follow-up data were recorded for a minimum of 13 months after the PET/CT scan.

Low bone mineral density in HIV-positive young Italians and migrants.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals may have osteoporosis. We aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in naïve antiretroviral (ARV) treated HIV positive patients comparing native Italian group (ItG) to a Migrants group (MiG) upon arrival in Italy.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 83 HIV patients less than 50 years old.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) in oncology: an Italian survey.

Purpose: To perform a survey among all members of the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM) to assess how whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) is performed in oncologic patients in Italy.

Methods: On March 2019, we administered an online poll to all SIRM members about their use of WB-MRI in 2018 asking 15 questions regarding oncologic indications, imaging protocol, use of contrast media, experience in WB-MRI, duration of scan time and reporting time.

Results: Forty-eight members participated to the survey.

Choline PET/CT features to predict survival outcome in high-risk prostate cancer restaging: a preliminary machine-learning radiomics study.

Background: Radiomic features are increasingly utilized to evaluate tumor heterogeneity in PET imaging but to date its role has not been investigated for Cho-PET in prostate cancer. The potential application of radiomics features analysis using a machine-learning radiomics algorithm was evaluated to select F-Cho PET/CT imaging features to predict disease progression in PCa.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed high-risk PCa patients who underwent restaging F-Cho PET/CT from November 2013 to May 2018.

Intraoperative imaging findings in transcranial MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound treatment at 1.5T may accurately detect typical lesional findings correlated with sonication parameters.

Objectives: To assess the intraoperative neuroimaging findings in patients treated with transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) thalamotomy using 1.5T equipment in comparison with the 48-h follow-up.

Methods: Fifty prospectively enrolled patients undergoing unilateral tcMRgFUS thalamotomy for either medication-refractory essential tremor (n = 39) or Parkinson tremor (n = 11) were included.

[Radiomics and artificial intelligence: new frontiers in medicine.].

Radiomics is a new frontier of medicine based on the extraction of quantitative data from radiological images which can not be seen by radiologist's naked eye and on the use of these data for the creation of clinical decision support systems. The long-term goal of radiomics is to improve the non-invasive diagnosis of focal and diffuse diseases of different organs by understanding links between extracted quantitative imaging data and the underlying molecular and pathological characteristics of lesions. In the last decade, several studies have highlighted the enormous potential of radiomics in both tumoral and non-tumoral diseases of many organs and systems including brain, lung, breast, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts.

CT and MR imaging of cystic renal lesions.

Cystic renal lesions are a common incidental finding on routinely imaging examinations. Although a benign simple cyst is usually easy to recognize, the same is not true for complex and multifocal cystic renal lesions, whose differential diagnosis includes both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. In this review, we will show a series of cases in order to provide tips to identify benign cysts and differentiate them from malignant ones.

PI-RADS 3 Lesions: Role of Prostate MRI Texture Analysis in the Identification of Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic performance of texture analysis of prostate MRI for the diagnosis of prostate cancer among Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 3 lesions.

Materials And Methods: Forty-three patients with at least 1 PI-RADS 3 lesion on prostate MRI performed between June 2016 and January 2019 were retrospectively included. Reference standard was pathological analysis of radical prostatectomy specimens or MRI-targeted biopsies.

Intravenous Contrast Agent in Abdominal CT: Is It Really Needed to Identify the Cause of Bowel Obstruction? Proof of Concept.

Background: To compare sensitivity of unenhanced computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced CT for the identification of the etiology of bowel obstruction.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated abdominal CT scans of patients operated for bowel obstruction from March 2013 to October 2017. Two radiologists evaluated CT scans before and after contrast agent in two reading sessions.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of hepatocellular carcinoma: where do we stand?

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) represents a significant breakthrough in ultrasonography (US), and it is being increasingly used for the evaluation of focal liver lesions (FLLs). CEUS is unique in that it allows non-invasively assessment of liver perfusion in real time throughout the vascular phase, which has led to dramatic improvements in the diagnostic accuracy of US in the detection and characterization of FLLs, the choice of therapeutic procedures, and the evaluation of response. Currently, CEUS is included as a part of the suggested diagnostic work-up of FLLs, including in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, resulting in better patient management and cost-effective delivery of therapy.

Focal nodular hyperplasia: a weight-based, intraindividual comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI.

Purpose: We aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the enhancement pattern of focal nodular hyperplasia after gadobenate dimeglumine and gadoxetate disodium injection in the same patient.

Methods: 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 16 patients with 21 focal nodular hyperplasias studied after the injection of both contrast media were evaluated.

Virtopsy and Living Individuals Evaluation Using Computed Tomography in Forensic Diagnostic Imaging.

The applications of forensic radiology involve both Virtopsy both studies on living people - to demonstrate bone age, search for foreign bodies, such as voluntary injection of drug ovules or surgical sponges accidentally forgotten, to assess gunshot wounds, to evaluate injuries by road accidents, and cases of violence or abuse (both in adults and in children). Computed tomography is the most used imaging tool used in forensic pathology and its indications are mainly focused on cases of unnatural deaths or when a crime is suspected. It is preferred over the standard autopsy in selected cases, such as in putrefied, carbonized or badly damaged bodies; or as a preliminary evaluation in mass disasters.

Swallowing impairment in neurologic disorders: the role of videofluorographic swallowing study.

Patients with neurologic diseases almost inevitably develop various degrees of swallowing disorders during their life. Dysphagia is one of the main negative prognostic factors in this class of patients, leading to severe morbidity (i.e.

Transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery at 1.5T: a technical note.

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound is one of the emerging non-invasive technologies offering both image guidance and thermal monitoring. In recent years transcranial application of this technology is starting to impact heavily the neuroscience field. We present here the imaging protocol and the technological methods successfully used with a transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound system certified for clinical treatments of functional neurological disorders, integrated for the first time with a 1.

Role of apparent diffusion coefficient values in prostate diseases characterization on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: To evaluate if normal and pathological prostate tissue can be distinguished by using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to understand if it is possible to differentiate among pathological prostate tissues using ADC values.

Methods: Our population consisted in 81 patients (mean age 65.4 years) in which 84 suspicious areas were identified.

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: Clinical, Endoscopic, and Radiological Findings.

Background: The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare entity presenting with upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction and weight loss. Studies to determine the optimal methods of diagnosis and treatment are required.

Aims And Methods: This study aims at analyzing the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of SMA syndrome.

Whole-body diffusion-weighted MR and FDG-PET/CT in Hodgkin Lymphoma: Predictive role before treatment and early assessment after two courses of ABVD.

Purpose: To evaluate whether imaging features of pathologic lymph nodes on whole-body diffusion-weighted MR have a predictive role before treatment and may assess the response after two courses of chemotherapy in comparison to FDG-PET/CT in Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the whole-body MR and FDG-PET/CT performed on 41 patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma before and after two Doxorubicin-Bleomycin-Vinblastine-Dacarbazine (ABVD). Responder and non-responder lesions were identified on interim-FDG-PET/CT performed after two ABVD.

T2-mapping of the sacroiliac joints at 1.5 Tesla: a feasibility and reproducibility study.

Objective: To evaluate the reproducibility of T2 relaxation time measurements of the sacroiliac joints at 1.5 T.

Materials And Methods: Healthy volunteers underwent an oblique axial multislice multiecho spin-echo sequence of the sacroiliac joints at 1.

Evolution of indeterminate hepatocellular nodules at Gd-EOB-DPTA-enhanced MRI in cirrhotic patients.

Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the evolution of indeterminate hepatocellular nodules in cirrhotic patients on serial Gd-EOB-DPTA-enhanced MRI, and to identify predictors of HCC development.

Materials And Methods: This IRB approved study included 33 cirrhotic patients with 69 indeterminate hepatocellular nodules (mean diameter 1.1 cm) at baseline Gd-EOB-DPTA-enhanced MRI and a Gd-EOB-DPTA-enhanced-MRI follow-up of at least 2 years.