Insulin Delivery Technology for Treatment of Infants with Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.

Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare disorder of glucose metabolism with onset within the first 6 months of life. The initial treatment is based on insulin infusion. The technologies for diabetes treatment can be very helpful, even if guidelines are still lacking.

The effect of on-site and on-call nurse on exclusive breastfeeding in two different hospital settings: a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding during postpartum hospitalization is very important for ensuring the success of breastfeeding at home. The aim of the study is to determine if the on-site nurse in rooming in improves exclusive breastfeeding ratio.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study to evaluate exclusive breastfeeding during the first three months of life in two Neonatology Units in the South of Italy with different hospital settings: Ente Ecclesiastico Miulli of Acquaviva delle Fonti with on-site nurse h24 (on-site group) and Policlinico of Bari with nurse available on call h24 from Neonatology Unit (on-call group).

Antibiotic exposure for culture-negative early-onset sepsis in late-preterm and term newborns: an international study.

Background: Early-life antibiotic exposure is disproportionately high compared to the burden of culture-proven early-onset sepsis (CP-EOS). We assessed the contribution of culture-negative cases to the overall antibiotic exposure in the first postnatal week.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis across eleven countries in Europe, North America, and Australia.

Positional plagiocephaly: results of the osteopathic treatment of 424 infants. An observational retrospective cohort study.

Background: Positional plagiocephaly is an asymmetrical flattened skull deformity whose incidence increased significantly in the last decades. Osteopathic treatment has been suggested to tackle early deformational sequences, in order to ensure the correct development of the child. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment of positional cranial deformities in infants.

Quality improvement in neonatal care through enhanced patient safety and clinical risk management: a before-and-after study about neonatal sepsis.

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis, classified into early-onset and late-onset based on symptom timing, poses significant risks of morbidity and mortality, especially in low birth weight infants. Effective clinical risk management protocols are crucial in reducing these risks.

Methods: This before-and-after study evaluated the impact of a newly implemented clinical risk management protocol in the Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Policlinico Hospital-University of Bari.

Placental ACE2 Expression: A Possible Pathogenetic Mechanism for Infantile Hemangiomas.

ACE2 is a mono-carboxypeptidase with remarkable vasculo-protective properties, and its expression in the human placenta plays a central role in blood pressure homeostasis and fetal perfusion. Therefore, an alteration in the placental expression of ACE2 could be responsible for reduced placental perfusion and infantile hemangioma (IH) development. Study placentae were collected from patients affected by IHs who were referred to our Dermatology Clinic from 2016 to 2022, while control placentae were randomly collected while matching cases for gestational age.

Echovirus 11 lineage I and other enteroviruses in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection in Southern Italy, 2022- 2023.

Objectives: A new variant of echovirus 11 (E11) infection is a major health concern in neonates. Here, we describe the clinical and virological characteristics of enterovirus (EV) infections in children hospitalized with acute respiratory infection in Southern Italy.

Methods: Between July 2022 and August 2023, 173 EV infections were identified.

Incorrect Feeding Practices, Dietary Diversity Determinants and Nutritional Status in Children Aged 6-23 Months: An Observational Study in Rural Angola.

Background: More than a quarter of children who are affected by severe acute undernutrition reside in Sub-Saharan Africa. Incorrect feeding practices have a negative impact on a child's health in both the short and the long term, and the interval from conception to two years is the most critical for the development of undernutrition-related complications. These first 1000 days of life also represent an "opportunity window" for early interventions, hence, having a clear insight into dietary habits and the determinants of diet quality is fundamental to improving nutritional counseling practices.

Incidence and prevalence of congenital clubfoot in Apulia: a regional model for future prospective national studies.

Background: Congenital clubfoot is a fairly common and severe congenital malformation, most often of idiopathic origin. A smaller percentage of cases is related to chromosomal abnormalities and genetic syndromes. It is estimated that 0.

SLAB51 Multi-Strain Probiotic Formula Increases Oxygenation in Oxygen-Treated Preterm Infants.

Preterm infants are at risk of hypoxia and hyperoxia because of the immaturity of their respiratory and antioxidant systems, linked to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a single administration of the SLAB51 probiotic formula in improving oxygenation in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)-affected premature babies, thus reducing their need for oxygen administration. Additionally, the capability of SLAB51 in activating the factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) responsible for antioxidant responses was evaluated in vitro.

Autophagy increase in Merosin-Deficient Congenital Muscular Dystrophy type 1A.

The autophagy process recycles dysfunctional cellular components and protein aggregates by sequestering them in autophagosomes directed to lysosomes for enzymatic degradation. A basal level of autophagy is essential for skeletal muscle maintenance. Increased autophagy occurs in several forms of muscular dystrophy and in the merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy 1A mouse model (dy3k/dy3k) lacking the laminin-α2 chain.

Do social media interventions increase vaccine uptake?

Introduction: The Italian mass COVID-19 vaccination campaign has included children aged 5-11 years as part of the target population since December 2021. One of the biggest challenges to vaccine uptake was vaccine hesitancy among parents and children's caregivers. Primary care pediatricians (PCPs), as the first point of contact between the National Health Service (NHS) and parents/caretakers, initiated various communication strategies to tackle this hesitancy.

How Much Is an Abortion Worth? Was a Human "Not Formed"? An Italian Proposal.

Introduction: "Human capital" is defined as an integration of innate skills and knowledge acquired by investing in the formation of an individual; it is a real "capital" that pays off in the long term. In the Italian legal system, a human being is recognised as a "person" from the moment of birth. This determines the acquisition of the personal rights of an individual.

Lumbar Puncture and Meningitis in Infants with Proven Early- or Late-Onset Sepsis: An Italian Prospective Multicenter Observational Study.

: To evaluate the rates of lumbar puncture (LP) in infants with culture-proven sepsis. : We prospectively enrolled 400 infants with early- or late-onset sepsis due to Group B (GBS) or , diagnosed within 90 days of life. Rates of LP and potential variables associated with LP performance were evaluated.

Timing of Symptoms of Early-Onset Sepsis after Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Can It Inform the Neonatal Management?

The effectiveness of "inadequate" intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP administered < 4 h prior to delivery) in preventing early-onset sepsis (EOS) is debated. Italian prospective surveillance cohort data (2003-2022) were used to study the type and duration of IAP according to the timing of symptoms onset of group B streptococcus (GBS) and culture-confirmed EOS cases. IAP was defined "active" when the pathogen yielded in cultures was susceptible.

Pregnancy Complications, Correlation With Placental Pathology and Neonatal Outcomes.

Purpose: We aimed to clarify and contribute to a better comprehension of associations and correlations between placental histological findings, pregnancy evolution, and neonatal outcomes.

Study Design: This is a longitudinal and prospective observational study, performed between May 2015 and May 2019, on 506 pregnant women. Clinical data related to pregnancy outcome, neonatal health status, and placental histology were primarily collected.

Use of Sotrovimab in a cohort of pregnant women with a high risk of COVID 19 progression: a single-center experience.

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been shown to reduce disease progression in patients with underlying predisposing conditions. Unfortunately, there is no evidence on the use of Sotrovimab in pregnant women. Herein we present a case series of pregnant women who received mAbs with Sotrovimab following the Italian Drug Agency (AIFA) indications.

What Have We Learned from Patients Who Have Arboleda-Tham Syndrome Due to a De Novo Pathogenic Variant with Impaired Histone Acetyltransferase Function? A Precise Clinical Description May Be Critical for Genetic Testing Approach and Final Diagnosis.

Pathogenic variants in genes are involved in histone acetylation and deacetylation resulting in congenital anomalies, with most patients displaying a neurodevelopmental disorder and dysmorphism. Arboleda-Tham syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in KAT6A (Lysine Acetyltransferase 6A; OMIM 601408) has been recently described as a new neurodevelopmental disorder. Herein, we describe a patient characterized by complex phenotype subsequently diagnosed using the clinical exome sequencing (CES) with Arboleda-Tham syndrome (ARTHS; OMIM 616268).

Analysis of Antibiotic Exposure and Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis in Europe, North America, and Australia.

Importance: Appropriate use of antibiotics is life-saving in neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS), but overuse of antibiotics is associated with antimicrobial resistance and long-term adverse outcomes. Large international studies quantifying early-life antibiotic exposure along with EOS incidence are needed to provide a basis for future interventions aimed at safely reducing neonatal antibiotic exposure.

Objective: To compare early postnatal exposure to antibiotics, incidence of EOS, and mortality among different networks in high-income countries.

Lingual laser frenotomy in newborns with ankyloglossia: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The study aims to describe the lingual laser frenotomy perioperative protocol for newborns with ankyloglossia with or without breastfeeding difficulties developed by Odontostomatology and Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Units of the Aldo Moro University of Bari.

Methods: Authors carried out a prospective observational cohort study. Newborns with ankyloglossia (classified by using both Coryllos' and Hazelbaker's criteria) with or without difficult breastfeeding (according to Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool) underwent diode laser frenotomy (800 ± 10 nm; 5 W; continuous wave mode; contact technique; under topical anesthesia) and follow-up visits after seven and thirty days postoperatively.