Effects of aircraft noise exposure on self-reported health through aircraft noise annoyance: Causal mediation analysis in the DEBATS longitudinal study in France.

Background: Previous studies reported an association between transportation noise and self-reported health status (SRHS). They also suggested a mediating role of noise annoyance using conventional statistical methods. These methods are subject to bias in longitudinal studies with time-dependent exposure, mediator and confounding factors.

Subjective risk factors of severe pain at discharge from the emergency department.

Objective: To examine the risk factors for severe pain upon discharge from the emergency department, assuming appropriate pharmacological treatment of pain, in order to improve pain relief in emergency departments and reduce the risk of potential chronic pain.

Methods: An analytic study was conducted utilizing data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate patients' experiences upon admission and discharge from the emergency department (ED). Severe pain was defined by a score of six on a numerical rating scale of zero to ten.

Relationship between Walking and Driving, and Cognitive Functioning Common to Both Modes of Mobility, in Healthy Older Adults.

Introduction: Driving and walking, the two main modes of mobility, require numerous common skills in the motor, sensory, and cognitive domains that deteriorate with age. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between walking and driving in healthy older drivers and to determine whether certain cognitive processes are involved in both modes of mobility.

Method: Seventy-six older drivers from the Safe Move cohort were assessed in the following three domains: (1) cognition, using parts A and B of the Trail Making Test (TMT), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), the Stroop test, and the Digit span; (2) gait, using a dual-task (DT) paradigm with a counting task; and (3) driving, assessed via a 40-50 min on-road test.

Temperature extremes of 2022 reduced carbon uptake by forests in Europe.

The year 2022 saw record breaking temperatures in Europe during both summer and fall. Similar to the recent 2018 drought, close to 30% (3.0 million km) of the European continent was under severe summer drought.

Relationships Between Cognitive and Driving Self-awareness in Older Drivers.

Objectives: Many older drivers incorrectly estimate their driving ability. The present study aimed to determine whether, and if so, to what extent unawareness of cognitive abilities affects self-awareness of driving ability.

Method: Two successive studies were conducted in older drivers.

Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European drought year 2018.

Drought and heat events, such as the 2018 European drought, interact with the exchange of energy between the land surface and the atmosphere, potentially affecting albedo, sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as CO exchange. Each of these quantities may aggravate or mitigate the drought, heat, their side effects on productivity, water scarcity and global warming. We used measurements of 56 eddy covariance sites across Europe to examine the response of fluxes to extreme drought prevailing most of the year 2018 and how the response differed across various ecosystem types (forests, grasslands, croplands and peatlands).

Barriers and facilitators to social participation after driving cessation among older adults: A cohort study.

Background: Driving cessation is a challenging transition for older drivers. It is indeed often associated with reduced mobility, loss of autonomy and poor quality of life, as in individuals with acquired disabilities. We examined factors that inhibit or facilitate out-of-home occupations after driving cessation (shopping, visiting/helping friends/family, leisure, and associative activities) in older adults, with particular focus on the role of anticipation.

Knockout of hyaluronidase Spam1 reduces age-related bone and cartilage changes in mouse knee.

Objective: To investigate the role of Spam1 hyaluronidase in age-related bone and cartilage changes in the mouse knee.

Design: Spam1 and WT mice were euthanised at different ages from 10 to 52 weeks. The right hindlimbs were dissected, scanned with peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) and then decalcified for histological analysis (modified Mankin score).

Sclerostin-Antibody Treatment Decreases Fracture Rates in Axial Skeleton and Improves the Skeletal Phenotype in Growing oim/oim Mice.

In osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), vertebrae brittleness causes thorax deformations and leads to cardiopulmonary failure. As sclerostin-neutralizing antibodies increase bone mass and strength in animal models of osteoporosis, their administration in two murine models of severe OI enhanced the strength of vertebrae in growing female Crtap mice but not in growing male Col1a1 mice. However, these two studies ignored the impact of antibodies on spine growth, fracture rates, and compressive mechanical properties.

Chronic medical conditions and their association with crash risk and changes in driving habits: a prospective study of the GAZEL cohort.

Objectives: To assess crash risk and driving habits associated with chronic medical conditions among drivers entering old age.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: French cohort GAZEL.

Naturalistic Driving Study Investigating Self-Regulation Behavior in Early Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study.

Background: Because cognitive processes decline in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the driving abilities are often affected. The naturalistic driving approach is relevant to study the driving habits and behaviors in normal or critical situations in a familiar environment of participants.

Objective: This pilot study analyzed in-car video recordings of naturalistic driving in patients with early-stage AD and in healthy controls, with a special focus on tactical self-regulation behavior.

The Development and Initial Validation of the Child Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire.

Perceived discrimination can affect psychological and physical health, starting in childhood. Yet, the measures that exist for measuring perceived discrimination among children have methodological limitations and structural/theoretical inconsistencies. The Child Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire (CPDQ) fills the gaps of the current measures by assessing two dimensions of everyday discrimination from both child and adult sources.

The role of navigation instruction at intersections for older drivers and those with early Alzheimer's disease.

Aims: Our purpose was to explore the effect of navigation instruction on older drivers' driving performance at left turn intersections. Left turns at intersections are particularly complex because they require many perceptive and cognitive abilities under considerable time pressure.

Methods: Fifty-four participants were recruited: 18 drivers with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD), 18 neurologically healthy older drivers and 18 younger individuals.

Gender effect on driving cessation in pre-dementia and dementia phases: results of the 3C population-based study.

Objectives: Aging entails deterioration in sensory, physical, and cognitive functions, raising doubt in the driving capacity of older drivers, especially when the deficits are severe, as in dementia. Many older drivers, especially women, adapt their driving habits in order to compensate for these deficits and eventually stop driving. The present prospective study assessed driving cessation in men and women throughout the dementia process, including a 2-year pre-dementia phase.

[Car driving, cognitive aging and Alzheimer disease].

Older drivers are more numerous on the roads. They are expert drivers, but with increasing age certain physiological changes can interfere with driving, which is a complex activity of daily living. Older drivers are involved in fewer accidents than younger drivers, but they have a higher accident rate per kilometer driven.

Automobile driving in older adults: factors affecting driving restriction in men and women.

Objectives: To identify factors associated with driving restriction in elderly men and women.

Design: Prospective cohort study of French drivers from 2003 to 2009.

Setting: The Three-City Cohort of Bordeaux, a prospective study of 2,104 people aged 65 and older.

Critical size bone defect reconstruction by an autologous 3D osteogenic-like tissue derived from differentiated adipose MSCs.

For critical size bone defects and bone non-unions, bone tissue engineering using osteoblastic differentiated adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) is limited by the need for a biomaterial to support cell transplantation. An osteoblastic three-dimensional autologous graft made of AMSCs (3D AMSC) was developed to solve this issue. This autograft was obtained by supplementing the osteoblastic differentiation medium with demineralized bone matrix.

Why drivers start drinking and driving--a prospective study over a 6-year period in the GAZEL cohort.

Aims: To estimate the frequency with which a group of formerly safe drivers adopt driving while alcohol-intoxicated (DWI), and to determine the factors associated with DWI adoption.

Methods: Participants were current employees or recent retirees of the French national electricity and gas company. An annual cohort questionnaire that includes two questions about overall alcohol consumption is sent each year to participants.

Effect of intensive glucose lowering treatment on all cause mortality, cardiovascular death, and microvascular events in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To determine all cause mortality and deaths from cardiovascular events related to intensive glucose lowering treatment in people with type 2 diabetes.

Design: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

The Wechsler Digit Symbol Substitution Test as the best indicator of the risk of impaired driving in Alzheimer disease and normal aging.

Aims: Our purpose was to identify cognitive tools associated with unsafe driving among elderly drivers of varying cognitive levels.

Methods: Twenty drivers with early-stage dementia of the Alzheimer type and 56 nondemented drivers aged 65-85 were recruited. Various cognitive processes were measured and unsafe driving was evaluated during an in-traffic road test with 3 different indicators and a composite indicator.

Failure to reduce drinking and driving in France: a 6-year prospective study in the GAZEL cohort.

Aim: An unprecedented decline in alcohol consumption and road mortality has been observed recently in France, but it is still unclear whether or not these changes affected driving while alcohol-intoxicated (DWI). The objective of the study was to estimate prospectively trends of excessive speed on the roads, alcohol consumption and DWI between 2001 and 2007 in a large cohort of experienced drivers.

Methods: Participants were current employees or recent retirees of the French national electricity and gas company, who volunteered to participate in a research cohort established in 1989 under strict conditions of anonymity.

Road casualties and changes in risky driving behavior in France between 2001 and 2004 among participants in the GAZEL cohort.

Objectives: We investigated behavioral changes in a large cohort of drivers to identify underlying causes of the decline in road casualties in France.

Methods: In 2001 and 2004, 11,240 participants used self-administered questionnaires to report attitudes toward road safety and driving behaviors. Injury road traffic collisions were recorded from 2001 to 2005 through the cohort's annual questionnaire.