Efficacy of a vein visualisation device for facilitating peripheral venous line placement in adult patients with sickle cell disease: A randomised clinical trial.

Background: Intravenous (IV) access is often required for the treatment of vaso-occlusive crises in patients with sickle cell disease, but can be particularly challenging due to recurrent venous damage. The AccuVein® device, uses near-infrared light technology to visualise veins for easier venepuncture.

Methods: A randomised, controlled trial of the efficacy of the AccuVeinAV400® device in the replacement of peripheral venous lines during a vaso-occlusive crisis was conducted at two centres in France.

Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Modifications in Organelle Stress Signaling: Ub, Ub, Ub, Ub, Stayin' Alive, Stayin' Alive.

Due to various intracellular and external cues, cellular organelles are frequently stressed in both physiological and pathological conditions. Sensing these stresses initiates various signaling pathways which may lead to adaptation of the stressed cells or trigger its their death. At the unicellular level, this stress signaling involves a crosstalk between different organelles.

Assessment of fatigue in adult patients with sickle cell disease: Use of the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-fatigue) questionnaire.

Few studies have used validated scales to assess the intensity and determinants of fatigue, a major symptom of sickle cell disease (SCD). We aimed to assess the level of basal fatigue in adult patients with SCD, using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) questionnaire. We prospectively included 102 stable adult outpatients with SCD over 2 months, who answered the FACIT-Fatigue (ranging from 0 (worst imaginable fatigue) to 52 (no fatigue)) and reported on the intensity of fatigue and its impact on quality of life.

Assessing Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans Cells in Human Monocytes or the J774 Murine Macrophage Cell Line.

Monocyte/macrophage cells play a central role in innate immunity against C. neoformans and C. gattii, species known to cause human disease.

[Short antibiotic therapy in hospitalized pneumonia: A cohort study].

Introduction: Pneumonia is one of the most common indications for antibiotic. Shortening the duration of antibiotic therapy should help reduce bacterial resistance. To date, three randomized control trials have shown non-inferiority of short courses of antibiotic therapy (3 days) compared with 7 days in non-severe pneumonia.

Neutralizing IFN-γ autoantibodies are rare and pathogenic in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals.

BACKGROUNDWeakly virulent environmental mycobacteria (EM) can cause severe disease in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 adults harboring neutralizing anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (nAIGAs). The overall prevalence of nAIGAs in the general population is unknown, as are the penetrance of nAIGAs in HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 individuals and the proportion of patients with unexplained, adult-onset EM infections carrying nAIGAs.METHODSThis study analyzed the detection and neutralization of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (auto-Abs) from 8,430 healthy individuals of the general population, 257 HLA-DRB1*15:02 or 16:02 carriers, 1,063 patients with autoimmune disease, and 497 patients with unexplained severe disease due to EM.

IRE1 RNase controls CD95-mediated cell death.

Signalling by the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) or by the Death Receptors (DR) are frequently activated towards pro-tumoral outputs in cancer. Herein, we demonstrate that the UPR sensor IRE1 controls the expression of the DR CD95/Fas, and its cell death-inducing ability. Both genetic and pharmacologic blunting of IRE1 activity increased CD95 expression and exacerbated CD95L-induced cell death in glioblastoma (GB) and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell lines.

UFMylation: a ubiquitin-like modification.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) add a major degree of complexity to the proteome and are essential controllers of protein homeostasis. Amongst the hundreds of PTMs identified, ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like (UBL) modifications are recognized as key regulators of cellular processes through their ability to affect protein-protein interactions, protein stability, and thus the functions of their protein targets. Here, we focus on the most recently identified UBL, ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1), and the machinery responsible for its transfer to substrates (UFMylation) or its removal (deUFMylation).

Aspergillus spp. renal arteritis after kidney transplantation: A reappraisal.

Background: Aspergillus spp. is an uncommon and life-threatening cause of transplantrenal artery pseudoaneurysm after kidney transplantation.

Case: We report the case of a 62-year-old woman who underwent kidney transplantation 10 months before and presented a 7-cm asymptomatic transplant renal artery pseudoaneurysm.

Endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis-From molecules to organisms: Report on the 14th International Calreticulin Workshop, Saint Malo, France.

The Calreticulin Workshop, initiated in 1994 by Marek Michalak in Banff (Alberta, Canada), was first organized to be an informal scientific meeting attended by researchers working on diverse biological questions related to functions associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident lectin-like chaperone and applied to a wide range of biological systems and models. Since then, this workshop has broadened the range of topics to cover all ER-related functions, has become international and has been held in Canada, Chile, Denmark, Italy, Switzerland, UK, USA, Greece and this year in France. Each conference, which is organized every other year (pending world-wide pandemic), generally attracts between 50 and 100 participants, including both early career researchers and international scientific leaders to favour discussions and exchanges.

Impact of rituximab on humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in previously vaccinated patients with autoimmune diseases.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is more severe in patients undergoing rituximab (RTX) treatment. Humoral response to vaccination is severely impaired in patients already treated with RTX, but data on antibody persistence in patients initiating RTX are lacking. We evaluated the impact of RTX initiation on humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in previously vaccinated patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.

Recurrent Cellulitis Revealing Helicobacter cinaedi in Patient on Ibrutinib Therapy, France.

Helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia caused recurring multifocal cellulitis in a patient in France who had chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with ibrutinib. Diagnosis required extended blood culture incubation and sequencing of the entire 16S ribosomal RNA gene from single bacterial colonies. Clinicians should consider H.

Metalloprotease-mediated cleavage of CD95 ligand.

CD95 is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily that is ubiquitously expressed in healthy and pathological tissues. Stimulation of CD95 by its physiological ligand CD95L induces its oligomerization leading in turn to the transduction of either apoptotic or nonapoptotic signals. CD95L can exist as both membrane-anchored and soluble forms (sCD95L), the latter resulting from the proteolytic cleavage of the former.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis with tixagevimab and cilgavimab (Evusheld) for COVID-19 among 1112 severely immunocompromised patients.

Objective: Immunocompromised patients have an increased risk of a severe form of COVID-19. The clinical efficacy of the tixagevimab/cilgavimab monoclonal antibody combination as pre-exposure prophylaxis against BA.1 and BA.

Targeted SARS-CoV-2 treatment is associated with decreased mortality in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19.

Background: Little is known about targeted (antiviral or monoclonal antibody) anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatment in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19.

Objectives: To assess the real-life efficacy and tolerance of targeted treatment of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients.

Patients And Methods: Single-centre retrospective case series of immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 between December 2021 and March 2022.