Growth and body composition of infants born moderate-to-late preterm fed a protein- and mineral-enriched postdischarge formula compared with a standard term formula until 6 months corrected age, a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Infants born moderate-to-late preterm (i.e., 32 wk-35 wk 6 d gestation) are, analogous to those born very preterm, at risk of later obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.

Associations between Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Nutrition.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been suggested as an important factor in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In turn, nutrition has been associated with IGF-I levels and could be of importance in the pathogenesis of BPD. This study aimed to explore the association between nutrition, the IGF-I axis and the occurrence of BPD.

Body composition in preterm infants: a systematic review on measurement methods.

Background: There are several methods to measure body composition in preterm infants. Yet, there is no agreement on which method should be preferred.

Methods: PubMed, Embase.

IGF-I, Growth, and Body Composition in Preterm Infants up to Term Equivalent Age.

Context: There are concerns that a higher fat mass in the early life of preterm infants is associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in young adulthood.

Objective: To investigate the role of IGF-I and growth in determining body composition of preterm infants at term equivalent age.

Methods: An observational study was conducted from August 2015 to August 2018.

Improving long-term health outcomes of preterm infants: how to implement the findings of nutritional intervention studies into daily clinical practice.

Preterm-born children are at risk for later neurodevelopmental problems and cardiometabolic diseases; early-life growth restriction and suboptimal neonatal nutrition have been recognized as risk factors. Prevention of these long-term sequelae has been the focus of intervention studies. High supplies of protein and energy during the first weeks of life (i.

A comparative study using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, and skinfolds to assess fat mass in preterms at term equivalent age.

The aim of this study was to compare whole body composition, generated by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to evaluate the potential predictive value of the sum of skinfolds (∑SFT) for whole body composition, in preterm infants at term equivalent age. A convenience sample of sixty-five preterm infants with a mean (SD) gestational age of 29 (1.6) weeks was studied at term equivalent age.

Development of Nationwide Recommendations to Support Prenatal Counseling in Extreme Prematurity.

Objectives: To develop a nationwide, evidence-based framework to support prenatal counseling in extreme prematurity, focusing on organization, decision-making, content, and style aspects.

Methods: A nationwide multicenter RAND-modified Delphi method study was performed between November 2016 and December 2017 in the Netherlands. Firstly, recommendations were extracted from literature and previous studies.

Neurodevelopment of children born very preterm and/or with a very low birth weight: 8-Year follow-up of a nutritional RCT.

Background: Children born very preterm are at risk for cognitive deficits and motor impairment. Enhanced protein intake immediately after very preterm birth has been associated with favorable growth and improved neurodevelopment. It is unknown whether increased protein intake after discharge from the hospital affects long-term neurodevelopment.

Early-life growth of preterm infants and its impact on neurodevelopment.

Background: Increasing numbers of preterm-born children survive nowadays, and improving long-term health and neurodevelopment is becoming more important. Early-life growth has been linked to neurodevelopmental outcomes. We aimed to study whether this association has changed with time.

Leptin and IGF-1 in relation to body composition and bone mineralization of preterm-born children from infancy to 8 years.

Objective: Preterm birth has been associated with altered body composition, especially increased fat mass (FM) and decreased bone mineralization, and leptin and IGF-1 have been suggested to be involved in the regulation of both. We aimed to study the interplay between leptin, IGF-1, FM and bone mineralization measured in infancy and childhood of children born preterm.

Design: Observational study.

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure at age 8 years in children born preterm.

Preterm birth and low birth weight have been associated with an increased risk of hypertension; postnatal growth and dietary salt intake may contribute to these associations. In adults, the change of blood pressure (BP) in response to modifications in salt intake, i.e.

Starter formula enriched in prebiotics and probiotics ensures normal growth of infants and promotes gut health: a randomized clinical trial.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder symptoms in school-age children born very preterm.

Background: Very preterm (VP) children face a broad range of neurodevelopmental sequelae, including behavioral problems.

Aim: To investigate prevalence, pervasiveness and co-occurrence of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in school-age children born very preterm.

Methods: Using questionnaire and diagnostic interview data, parent and teacher reported symptoms of ADHD and ASD of 57 VP-children (mean age = 9.

Sensory processing difficulties in school-age children born very preterm: An exploratory study.

Background: Very preterm birth has a detrimental impact on the developing brain, including widespread white matter brain abnormalities that threaten efficient sensory processing. Yet, sensory processing difficulties in very preterm children are scarcely studied, especially at school age.

Aims: To investigate somatosensory registration, multisensory integration and sensory modulation.

Assessing bone development in preterm infants using quantitative ultrasonography showed a decline in the early postnatal period.

Aim: Preterm infants have an insufficient bone mineral store at birth and this study explored their bone development during the early postnatal period.

Methods: The metacarpal speed of sound (mcSOS) and metacarpal bone transmission time (mcBTT) were used to assess bone development in 277 preterm infants, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands from 2007-2012.

Results: During the first nine postnatal weeks, the mcSOS declined from 10 to 38 m per second per week and the mcBTT declined from 20 to 71 nanoseconds per week.

Follow-up of a randomized trial on postdischarge nutrition in preterm-born children at age 8 y.

Early nutritional interventions may modulate health risks in preterm-born infants. Previously, we showed that preterm-born infants fed an isocaloric protein- and mineral-enriched postdischarge formula (PDF) from term age to 6-mo corrected age (CA) gained more lean mass than did those fed term formula (TF). Long-term follow-up of randomized nutritional trials is important to test the hypothesis that short-term positive effects on health are sustainable.

Birth weight and postnatal growth in preterm born children are associated with cortisol in early infancy, but not at age 8 years.

Background: Preterm birth has been associated with altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA-) axis activity as well as cardiometabolic diseases and neurodevelopmental impairments later in life. We assessed cortisol from term age to age 8 y in children born preterm, to explore the development of HPA-axis activity in association with intrauterine and early-postnatal growth until 6 mo. corrected age.

Sensory modulation in preterm children: Theoretical perspective and systematic review.

Background: Neurodevelopmental sequelae in preterm born children are generally considered to result from cerebral white matter damage and noxious effects of environmental factors in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Cerebral white matter damage is associated with sensory processing problems in terms of registration, integration and modulation. However, research into sensory processing problems and, in particular, sensory modulation problems, is scarce in preterm children.

Starter formula enriched in prebiotics and probiotics ensures normal growth of infants and promotes gut health: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Prebiotics and probiotics exert beneficial effects by modulating gut microbiota and immune system. This study evaluates efficacy and safety of an infant formula containing bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis (B. lactis) (CNCM I-3446) on incidence of diarrhea and febrile infections during the first year of life (primary outcome).

Reference curves of birth weight, length, and head circumference for gestational ages in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Background: The birth weight reference curve to estimate the newborns at risk in need of assessment and monitoring has been established. The previous reference curves from Indonesia, approximately 8 years ago, were based on the data collected from teaching hospitals only with limited gestational ages. The aims of the study were to update the reference curves for birth weight, supine length and head circumference for Indonesia, and to compare birth weight curves of boys and girls, first child and later children, and the ones in the previous studies.

Effect of Donor Milk on Severe Infections and Mortality in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants: The Early Nutrition Study Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Infections and necrotizing enterocolitis, major causes of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants, are reduced in infants fed their own mother's milk when compared with formula. When own mother's milk is not available, human donor milk is considered a good alternative, albeit an expensive one. However, most infants at modern neonatal intensive care units are predominantly fed with own mother's milk.

Relationship between fat mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and leptin in preterm infants between term age and 6 months' corrected age.

Background/aims: In term subjects, fat mass (FM) is positively associated with leptin, whereas studies in preterm infants show conflicting results. However, none of these studies measured FM by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). This study aims to relate FM measured by DEXA in relation to leptin and growth in preterm infants.

Dietary proteins and IGF I levels in preterm infants: determinants of growth, body composition, and neurodevelopment.

It has been demonstrated that a high-protein diet in preterm born infants during the first weeks of life may enable a growth rate equal to that seen in utero and may also result in a better long-term neurodevelopmental outcome. This diet may limit immediate postnatal growth retardation and may hence lower the risk of increased fat deposition after birth leading to the metabolic syndrome in later life. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) has proven to play an important role in early postnatal growth of preterm infants, but also seems to have a persisting influence on body composition in childhood.

Lean mass and fat mass accretion between term age and 6 months post-term in growth-restricted preterm infants.

Early growth restriction followed by nutritional intakes that permit accelerated growth may result in adiposity and metabolic disease in later life. This study compared growth, body composition and nutritional intake between term age and 6 months post-term in 83 appropriate-for-gestational-age preterm infants with growth restriction at term age (AGA GR+), 15 AGA without growth restriction at term age (AGA GR-) and 33 small-for-gestational-age (SGA) preterm infants. AGA GR+ and SGA preterm infants had higher protein intake, higher energy intake and higher gain in weight SDS between term age and 6 months post-term, with similar lean mass (LM) and lower fat mass (FM) at 6 months post-term compared with AGA GR- preterm infants.

A crucial role for white matter alterations in interference control problems of very preterm children.

Background: Attention problems are among the most prominent behavioral deficits reported in very preterm children (below 32 wk of gestation) at school age. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the brain abnormalities underlying attention problems in very preterm children by investigating the role of abnormalities in white and gray brain matter during interference control, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-guided probabilistic diffusion tensor tractography.

Methods: Twenty-nine very preterm children (mean (SD) age: 8.