French National Authority for Health assessment of metabolic surgery for type 2 diabetes remission-A meta-analysis in patients with class I to III obesity.

Objective: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the superiority of metabolic surgery (MS) over medical therapy (MT) in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, leading, to a joint statement in 2016 proposing MS to patients with class I obesity and uncontrolled glycemia. Yet, these RCTs included few patients with class I obesity (body mass index 30-35 kg/m) and even fewer patients with overweight. Our aim was to provide an updated systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis (MA) of RCTs reporting diabetes remission (DR) after MS in these patients.

Cathepsin S inhibition lowers blood glucose levels in mice.

Aims/hypothesis: Cathepsin S (CatS) belongs to a family of proteases that have been implicated in several disease processes. We previously identified CatS as a protein that is markedly overexpressed in adipose tissue of obese individuals and downregulated after weight loss and amelioration of glycaemic status induced by gastric bypass surgery. This prompted us to test whether the protease contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes using mouse models with CatS inactivation.

Cathepsins and cystatin C in atherosclerosis and obesity.

Given the increasing prevalence of human obesity worldwide, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking obesity to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Our knowledge is nevertheless limited regarding molecules linking adipose tissue to downstream complications. The importance of cathepsins was brought to light in this context.

Effects of fasudil on early atherosclerotic plaque formation and established lesion progression in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice.

Rho kinases have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study examined the effects of fasudil, a specific Rho kinase inhibitor, on plaque development and progression in atherosclerotic mice. Sixty apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoE-KO) mice were fed a high-fat diet.