Specificity in Associations of Anger Frequency and Expression With Different Causes of Mortality Over 20 Years.

Objective: Although evidence has linked anger and hostility with all-cause mortality risk, less research has examined whether anger frequency and expression (outwardly expressing angry feelings) are linked to all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods: In 1996, men (n = 17,352) free of medical conditions from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study reported anger frequency and aggressive expression levels. Deaths were ascertained from participants' families, postal authorities, and death registries.