Preclinical study and phase II trial of adapting low-dose radiotherapy to immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide modest but unsatisfactory benefits for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Developing strategies for treating ES-SCLC is critical.

Methods: We preliminarily explored the outcomes of salvage low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) plus ICI on refractory SCLC patients.

Real-World Survival Comparisons Between Radiotherapy and Surgery for Metachronous Second Primary Lung Cancer and Predictions of Lung Cancer-Specific Outcomes Using Machine Learning: Population-Based Study.

Background: Metachronous second primary lung cancer (MSPLC) is not that rare but is seldom studied.

Objective: We aim to compare real-world survival outcomes between different surgery strategies and radiotherapy for MSPLC.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data collected from patients with MSPLC between 1988 and 2012 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib combined with low-dose radiotherapy enhances the anti-tumor immune response to PD-1 blockade by inflaming the tumor microenvironment in Rb-deficient small cell lung cancer.

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have shown significant activity against several solid tumors by reducing the phosphorylation of the canonical CDK4/6 substrate retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, while the anti-tumor effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors on Rb-deficient tumors is not clear. Most small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) are Rb-deficient and show very modest response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) despite recent advances in the use of immunotherapy. Here, we aimed to investigate the direct effect of CDK4/6 inhibition on SCLC cells and determine its efficacy in combination therapy for SCLC.

Lifetime risks of second primary malignancies after pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Objectives: Survivors after pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are with lifetime risk for second primary malignancy (SPM). This necessitates a thorough analysis to better understand the potential long-term health implications for these individuals.

Methods: We used a US-wide population-based cancer registry data to quantify the SPM risk and identify its incidence patterns among pediatric lymphoma patients.

Enhancing Diabetes Self-management and Education: A Critical Analysis of ChatGPT's Role.

ChatGPT, an advanced natural language processing model, holds significant promise in diabetes self-management and education. ChatGPT excels in providing personalized educational experiences by tailoring information to meet individual patient needs and preferences. It aids patients in developing self-management skills and strategies, fostering proactive disease management.

Innovating Healthcare: The Role of ChatGPT in Streamlining Hospital Workflow in the Future.

ChatGPT is revolutionizing hospital workflows by enhancing the precision and efficiency of tasks that were formerly the exclusive domain of healthcare professionals. Additionally, ChatGPT can aid in administrative duties, including appointment scheduling and billing, which enables healthcare professionals to allocate more time towards patient care. By shouldering some of these responsibilities, ChatGPT has the potential to advance the quality of patient care, streamline departmental efficiency, and lower healthcare costs.

Lung Cancer Stem Cell Markers as Therapeutic Targets: An Update on Signaling Pathways and Therapies.

Cancer stem cells, a relatively small group of self-renewing cancer cells, were first isolated from acute myeloid leukemia. These cells can play a crucial role in tumor metastasis, relapse, and therapy resistance. The cancer stem cell theory may be applied to lung cancer and explain the inefficiency of traditional treatments and eventual recurrence.

Efficient Generation of an Fah/Rag2 Dual-Gene Knockout Porcine Cell Line Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Adenovirus.

The shortage of human hepatocytes continues to be a significant limitation for the widespread application of hepatocyte transplantation and bioartificial liver (BAL) support therapy. Recombinant activation gene 2 (Rag2) and fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah)-deficient mice could be highly repopulated with human hepatocytes. However, Fah/Rag2-deficient mice can only produce up to 1 × 10 human hepatocytes per mouse.