Evaluation of Chemical Composition and Anti-Staphylococcal Activity of Essential Oils from Leaves of Two Indigenous Plant Species, and .

Many indigenous plants of the Philippines, including essential oil-bearing species, remain phytochemically and pharmacologically unexplored. In this study, the chemical composition of leaf essential oils (EOs) hydrodistilled from (Lauraceae) and (Piperaceae) was determined using dual-column (HP-5MS/DB-WAX)/dual-detector gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. Caryophyllene oxide (15.

Traditional Medicinal Ranunculaceae Species from Romania and Their In Vitro Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, and Antiparasitic Potential.

Several Ranunculaceae species are used in folk medicine to eliminate pathologies associated with oxidative stress as well as parasitic infections; however, a number of studies confirming their pharmacological properties is limited. In this study, 19 ethanolic extracts obtained from 16 Ranunculaceae species were assayed for in vitro antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiparasitic potential. The maximum antioxidant potential in both oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays was observed for extract [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) 18.

Insights into the Detoxification of Spruce Monoterpenes by the Eurasian Spruce Bark Beetle.

Plant defence mechanisms, including physical barriers like toughened bark and chemical defences like allelochemicals, are essential for protecting them against pests. Trees allocate non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) to produce secondary metabolites like monoterpenes, which increase during biotic stress to fend off pests like the Eurasian spruce bark beetle, ESBB (). Despite these defences, the ESBB infests Norway spruce, causing significant ecological damage by exploiting weakened trees and using pheromones for aggregation.

Adaptation and Validation of a Modified Broth Microdilution Method for Screening the Anti-Yeast Activity of Plant Phenolics in Apple and Orange Juice Models.

Yeasts are the usual contaminants in fruit juices and other beverages, responsible for the decrease in the quality and shelf-life of such products. Preservatives are principally added to these beverages to enhance their shelf-life. With the increasing consumer concern towards chemical food additives, plant-derived antimicrobials have attracted the attention of researchers as efficient and safer anti-yeast agents.

Susceptibility of to Anti-Inflammatory Drugs with a Focus on the Combinatory Effect of Celecoxib with Oxacillin In Vitro.

Musculoskeletal infections (MIs) are among the most difficult-to-treat staphylococcal diseases due to antibiotic resistance. This has encouraged the development of innovative strategies, such as combination therapy, to combat MI. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antistaphylococcal activity of anti-inflammatory drugs and the combined antimicrobial effect of celecoxib and oxacillin.

Evaluation of In Vitro Synergistic Effects of Tetracycline with Alkaloid-Related Compounds against Diarrhoeic Bacteria.

Diarrhoea remains an important public health concern, particularly in developing countries, and has become difficult to treat because of antibacterial resistance. The development of synergistic antimicrobial agents appears to be a promising alternative treatment against diarrhoeic infections. In this study, the combined effect of tetracycline together with either nitroxoline, sanguinarine, or zinc pyrithione (representing various classes of plant-based compounds) was evaluated in vitro against selected diarrhoeic bacteria (, , , , , and ).

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracts from , and 'Kampot'.

The fruits of , and 'Kampot' are traditionally used as spices in Cambodian cuisine. In this study, the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) and supercritical CO extracts from all three species was determined using GC-MS, with two columns of different polarity (HP-5/DB-HeavyWAX). Differences between the chemical profile of the EOs and CO extracts were observed for all species.

Validation of Broth Macrodilution Volatilization Method for Testing of Essential Oils in Liquid and Vapor Phase: Chemical Composition, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Effect of Indian Medicinal Plants against Pneumonia-Causing Pathogens.

Essential oils (EOs) have great potential in inhalation therapy for the treatment of respiratory infections. However, innovative methods for evaluation of antimicrobial activity of their vapors are still needed. The current study reports validation of the broth macrodilution volatilization method for assessment of the antibacterial properties of EOs and shows the growth-inhibitory effect of Indian medicinal plants against pneumonia-causing bacteria in liquid and vapor phase.

Ethnobotanical inventory of medicinal plants used by Cashinahua (Huni Kuin) herbalists in Purus Province, Peruvian Amazon.

This study aims to document the diversity of medicinal plants used by the Cashinahua people (also known as Huni Kuin) of the Curanja River, as well as describe and compare their uses with pharmacological and phytochemical records from previously published studies. The ethnic has been studied to a limited extent from an ethnobotanical perspective. The study area is located in the Ucayali region, eastern Central Amazon, where ancestral knowledge is preserved due to the limited accessibility of the region.

Selective Combinatory Effect of Ciprofloxacin with Nitroxoline, Sanguinarine, and Zinc Pyrithione against Diarrhea-Causing and Gut Beneficial Bacteria.

Antibiotic resistance in diarrhea-causing bacteria and its disruption of gut microbiota composition are health problems worldwide. The development of combinatory agents that increase the selective inhibitory effect (synergism) against diarrheagenic pathogens and, simultaneously, have a lowered impact (antagonism) or no negative action on the gut microbiota is therefore proposed as a new strategy efficient for chemotherapy against diarrheal conditions. In this study, the selective combinatory effect of ciprofloxacin with nitroxoline, sanguinarine, and zinc pyrithione, representing various classes of alkaloid-related compounds (nitroquinolines, benzylisoquinolines and metal-pyridine derivative complexes) against selected standard diarrhea-causing (Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and gut-beneficial (Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.

In Vitro Growth-Inhibitory Synergistic Effect of Zinc Pyrithione in Combination with Gentamicin against Bacterial Skin Pathogens of Livestock.

Bacterial skin diseases of livestock could be a serious global threat, especially in association with overcoming bacterial resistance. Combinatory action of antimicrobial agents proves to be an effective strategy to overcome the problem of increasing antibiotic resistance of microorganisms. In this study, the in vitro combined effect of zinc pyrithione with gentamicin against bacterial skin pathogens of livestock (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae) was evaluated according to the sum of fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) obtained by checkerboard method.

Selective Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Effects of Ethanolic Extracts from Cambodian and Philippine Plants Used in Folk Medicine for Diarrhea Treatment.

Bacterial diarrhea remains a global health problem, especially in developing tropical countries. Moreover, dysbiosis caused by diarrheagenic bacteria and inappropriate antimicrobial treatment has been associated with intestinal carcinogenesis. Despite the rich tradition of the use of herbs for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Cambodian and Philippine folk medicine, many of them have not yet been systematically studied for their selective inhibitory effects on intestinal bacteria and cells.

Antibacterial Activity of L. Essential Oil Vapours and Their GC/MS Analysis Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Syringe Headspace Sampling Techniques.

While the inhalation of L. essential oil (EO) is commonly approved for the treatment of mild respiratory infections, there is still a lack of data regarding the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of its vapours. The antibacterial activity of the three EOs against respiratory pathogens, including , and was assessed in both liquid and vapour phases using the broth microdilution volatilisation (BMV) method.

Cytotoxic and antibacterial depsidones from the endophytic fungus isolated from Thai rice.

Four new depsidones, mollicellins V-Y (-), together with eight known depsidones (-) were isolated from the endophytic fungus, detached from stems of Thai rice. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. Mollicellins X, H, and F (, and ) showed potent cytotoxicity against the human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cell line, and mollicellin F () also showed a potent cytotoxicity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line.

New Broth Macrodilution Volatilization Method for Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing of Volatile Agents and Evaluation of Their Toxicity Using Modified MTT Assay In Vitro.

In this study, a new broth macrodilution volatilization method for the simple and rapid determination of the antibacterial effect of volatile agents simultaneously in the liquid and vapor phase was designed with the aim to assess their therapeutic potential for the development of new inhalation preparations. The antibacterial activity of plant volatiles (β-thujaplicin, thymohydroquinone, thymoquinone) was evaluated against bacteria associated with respiratory infections (, , , ) and their cytotoxicity was determined using a modified thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay against normal lung fibroblasts. Thymohydroquinone and thymoquinone possessed the highest antibacterial activity against , with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4 and 8 µg/mL in the liquid and vapor phases, respectively.

Validation of Qualitative Broth Volatilization Checkerboard Method for Testing of Essential Oils: Dual-Column GC-FID/MS Analysis and In Vitro Combinatory Antimicrobial Effect of and against in Liquid and Vapor Phases.

Combinatory action of antimicrobial agents such as essential oils (EOs) show to be an effective strategy to overcome the problem with increasing antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, including . The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial interactions between and EOs against various strains in both liquid and vapor phases using the broth volatilization checkerboard method. Fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) were determined for both liquid and vapor phases, and the composition of EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using dual-column/dual-detector gas chromatograph.

In vitro antagonistic inhibitory effects of palm seed crude oils and their main constituent, lauric acid, with oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus.

Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are a serious global threat, and with the emergence of antibiotic resistance, even more difficult to treat. One of the possible complications in antistaphylococcal therapy represents negative interactions of antibiotics with food. In this study, the in vitro interaction between oxacillin and crude palm seed oil from Astrocaryum vulgare, Cocos nucifera, and Elaeis guineensis against nine strains of S.

Vapors of Volatile Plant-Derived Products Significantly Affect the Results of Antimicrobial, Antioxidative and Cytotoxicity Microplate-Based Assays.

Volatile plant-derived products were observed to exhibit broad spectrum of biological effects. However, due to their volatility, results of conventional microplate-based bioassays can be significantly affected by the vapors. With aim to demonstrate this phenomenon, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of three essential oils (, , and ), one supercritical CO extract (), and four plant-derived compounds (capsaicin, caryophyllene oxide, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and thymoquinone) were evaluated in series of experiments including both ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) Capmat sealed and nonsealed microplates.

In Vitro Selective Growth-Inhibitory Activities of Phytochemicals, Synthetic Phytochemical Analogs, and Antibiotics against Diarrheagenic/Probiotic Bacteria and Cancer/Normal Intestinal Cells.

A desirable attribute of novel antimicrobial agents for bacterial diarrhea is decreased toxicity toward host intestinal microbiota. In addition, gut dysbiosis is associated with an increased risk of developing intestinal cancer. In this study, the selective growth-inhibitory activities of ten phytochemicals and their synthetic analogs (berberine, bismuth subsalicylate, ferron, 8-hydroxyquinoline, chloroxine, nitroxoline, salicylic acid, sanguinarine, tannic acid, and zinc pyrithione), as well as those of six commercial antibiotics (ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, tetracycline, and vancomycin) against 21 intestinal pathogenic/probiotic (e.

Volatile Antimicrobial Agents and In Vitro Methods for Evaluating Their Activity in the Vapour Phase: A Review.

This review summarizes data on the antimicrobial effectiveness of volatile agents of plant origin and methods for evaluating their activity in the vapour phase. As a result of literature analysis, the antimicrobial efficacy of vapours from 122 different plant species and 19 pure compounds examined in 61 studies using different tests against a broad spectrum of microorganisms was identified and summarized. In addition, 11 different techniques found in the literature are described in detail.

Bioactive secondary metabolites from roots of planch.

Two new aromadendrin rhamnosides, cissusfoliate A () and 3--cissusfoliate A () together with seven known compounds (-) were isolated from the roots of Planch. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of compounds were assigned by combination of the coupling constant values of H-2 and H-3 and the comparison of their experimental ECD spectra with those reported in literature.

Toxicological Studies of Czech Beers and Their Constituents.

Background: Czech beers are unique because they are brewed using specific technology at a particular latitude and for being entirely produced in the area of the Czech Republic. The purpose of this work is the evaluation of toxicological effects of a variety of freeze-dried Czech beers, their raw materials (malts, hops and yeast) and processed-beer (wort, hopped wort and young beer).

Methods: In vivo assays to evaluate the safety and protective effects in the eukaryotic system, and the in vitro evaluations of chemopreventive and DNA damage activity using the HL-60 tumour human cell line were carried out.

(Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity.

(Celastraceae) is a tree native to Amazonia. Its roots, leaves, bark, and combinations of these are used in traditional medicine mainly to treat rheumatism and, to a lesser extent, to heal wounds and to combat bronchitis and diarrhea. To date, mainly triterpenes and dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes were isolated from .