Background: Animal studies suggest prebiotics can increase iron absorption, but results from human studies are equivocal.
Objectives: In iron-depleted women, before (baseline) and after daily consumption of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) for 4 wk, we sought to assess fractional iron absorption (FIA) from an iron supplement given with and without single doses of GOS in test meals or water.
Methods: In all women (n = 34; median serum ferritin concentration = 16.