Multi-scale influences on Escherichia coli concentrations in shellfish: From catchment to estuary.

Sustainability of bivalve shellfish farming relies on clean coastal waters, however, high levels of faecal indicator organisms (FIOs, e.g. Escherichia coli) in shellfish results in temporary closure of shellfish harvesting beds to protect human health, but with economic consequences for the shellfish industry.

Soil carbon in the world's tidal marshes.

Tidal marshes are threatened coastal ecosystems known for their capacity to store large amounts of carbon in their water-logged soils. Accurate quantification and mapping of global tidal marshes soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is of considerable value to conservation efforts. Here, we used training data from 3710 unique locations, landscape-level environmental drivers and a global tidal marsh extent map to produce a global, spatially explicit map of SOC storage in tidal marshes at 30 m resolution.

Using lake sediments to assess the long-term impacts of anthropogenic activity in tropical river deltas.

Tropical river deltas, and the social-ecological systems they sustain, are changing rapidly due to anthropogenic activity and climatic change. Baseline data to inform sustainable management options for resilient deltas is urgently needed and palaeolimnology (reconstructing past conditions from lake or wetland deposits) can provide crucial long-term perspectives needed to identify drivers and rates of change. We review how palaeolimnology can be a valuable tool for resource managers using three current issues facing tropical delta regions: hydrology and sediment supply, salinisation and nutrient pollution.

Assessing Patient Risk, Benefit, and Outcomes in Drug Development: Insights From Afatinib Clinical Trials Across Diverse Cancer Indications.

Purpose: In 2013, afatinib was approved for non-small-cell lung cancer with subsequent indication expansion. We investigated published afatinib clinical trials to assess risk and benefit profiles for the drug in its approved indication of non-small-cell lung cancer as well as in off-label uses. Previous literature demonstrates excessive patient burden and limited benefit as afatinib has spread into more indications.

Assessing patient risk, benefit, and outcomes in drug development: A decade of ramucirumab clinical trials.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate published clinical trials of ramucirumab to assess the risk/benefit profile and burden over time for patients.

Background: The burden of oncologic drug development on patients paired with increasing clinical trial failure rates emphasizes the need for reform of drug development. Identifying and addressing patterns of excess burden can guide policy, ensure evidence-based protections for trial participants, and improve medical decision-making.

Causes and consequences of tipping points in river delta social-ecological systems.

The sustainability of social-ecological systems within river deltas globally is in question as rapid development and environmental change trigger "negative" or "positive" tipping points depending on actors' perspectives, e.g. regime shift from abundant sediment deposition to sediment shortage, agricultural sustainability to agricultural collapse or shift from rural to urban land use.

Organic carbon accumulation in British saltmarshes.

Saltmarshes are a crucial component of the coastal carbon (C) system and provide a natural climate regulation service through the accumulation and long-term storage of organic carbon (OC) in their soils. These coastal ecosystems are under growing pressure from a changing climate and increasing anthropogenic disturbance. To manage and protect these ecosystems for C and to allow their inclusion in emissions and natural-capital accounting, as well as carbon markets, accurate and reliable estimates of OC accumulation are required.

Assessing Patient Risk, Benefit, and Outcomes in Drug Development: A Decade of Lenvatinib Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Chemotherapy agents are typically initially tested in their most promising indications; however, following initial US FDA approval, new clinical trials are often initiated in less promising indications where patients experience a worse burden-benefit ratio. The current literature on the burden-benefit profile of lenvatinib in non-FDA-approved indications is lacking.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate published clinical trials of lenvatinib in order to determine the burden-benefit profile for patients over time.

Top ten priorities for global saltmarsh restoration, conservation and ecosystem service research.

Coastal saltmarshes provide globally important ecosystem services including 'blue carbon' sequestration, flood protection, pollutant remediation, habitat provision and cultural value. Large portions of marshes have been lost or fragmented as a result of land reclamation, embankment construction, and pollution. Sea level rise threatens marsh survival by blocking landward migration where coastlines have been developed.

Evaluating the underreporting of patient-reported outcomes in carpal tunnel syndrome randomized controlled trials.

Context: In recent years, patient-centered healthcare has become a primary concern for researchers and healthcare professionals. When included in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures serve a critical role in supplementing efficacy outcomes with a patient perspective.

Objectives: The goals of this study are to evaluate the reporting completeness of PROs within literature concerning carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) utilizing the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Patient-Reported Outcomes (CONSORT-PRO) extension.

Access to hexahydroazepinone heterocycles palladium-catalysed C(sp)-H alkenylation/ring-opening of cyclopropanes.

In this communication, we describe the synthesis of novel hexahydroazepinone derivatives starting from two simple building blocks in presence of a readily available palladium catalyst. The reaction proceeds through a selective C(sp)-H alkenylation/ring-opening process to obtain the seven-membered ring products in good to excellent yields on a wide variety of substrates under batch, microwave, and continuous flow conditions.

An Analysis of the Evidence Underpinning the American Urologic Association Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Objective: To evaluate the reporting quality of systematic reviews (SRs) underpinning the American Urologic Association (AUA) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

Methods: We searched the AUA for CPGs from 2015-2021. We extracted all SRs from the reference sections and two independent investigators evaluated eligible SR/meta-analysis using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Instrument for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and AMSTAR-2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2) instruments.

Cortisol effects on brain functional connectivity during emotion processing in women with depression.

Background: Depression is associated with altered functional connectivity and altered cortisol sensitivity, but the effects of cortisol on functional connectivity in depression are unknown. Previous research shows that brief cortisol augmentation (CORT) has beneficial neurocognitive effects in depression.

Methods: We investigated the effects of CORT (20mg oral cortisol) on functional connectivity during emotion processing in women with depression.

Utilization of BozPhos as an Effective Ligand in Enantioselective C-H Functionalization of Cyclopropanes: Synthesis of Dihydroisoquinolones and Dihydroquinolones.

The bisphosphine monoxide ( R, R)-BozPhos enables enantioselective C-H functionalization of cyclopropanes in a palladium-catalyzed cyclization. The synthesis of a broad spectrum of dihydroisoquinolones and dihydroquinolones in good yields and high enantiomeric excess was achieved through the use of this hemilabile ligand. Furthermore, the isolation of an intermediary palladium(II)-BozPhos complex after oxidative addition was successful and a second complex provided further insight into bond length and angles through a crystal structure.

Alterations in Systemic and Cognitive Glucocorticoid Sensitivity in Depression.

Background: Decades of research point to cortisol insensitivity as a biomarker of depression. Despite a vast literature on cortisol's effects on memory, the role of cortisol insensitivity in core psychological features of depression, such as emotional memory biases, is unknown.

Methods: Sixty-five premenopausal women with varying levels of depression completed this study involving an at-home low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and four experimental sessions (i.

Patterning and Reversible Actuation of Liquid Gallium Alloys by Preventing Adhesion on Rough Surfaces.

This work reports a simple approach to form, study, and utilize rough coatings that prevent the adhesion of gallium-based liquid metal alloys. Typically, liquids with large interfacial tension do not wet nonreactive surfaces, regardless of surface topography. However, these alloys form a surface oxide "skin" that adheres to many substrates, even those with low surface energy.

Neural Signaling of Cortisol, Childhood Emotional Abuse, and Depression-Related Memory Bias.

Background: Cortisol has potent effects on learning and neuroplasticity, but little is known about its effects on negative memory biases in depression. Animal models show that aversive caregiving alters effects of glucocorticoids (primarily corticosterone in rodents and cortisol in primates) on learning and neuroplasticity into adulthood.

Methods: We investigated whether history of childhood emotional abuse (EA) moderated effects of cortisol administration (CORT) versus placebo on emotional memory formation in depression.

On-skin liquid metal inertial sensor.

A wireless on-skin inertial sensor based on free-moving liquid metal is introduced. The inertial sensor comprises a eutectic gallium-indium (eGaIn) droplet that modulates the capacitance between two electrodes. The capacitive output of the sensor is connected to a planar coil to form an LC resonator whose resonant frequency can be read out wirelessly.

Access to Cyclopropyl-Fused Azacycles via a Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Alkenylation Strategy.

Palladium-catalyzed direct alkenylation of cyclopropyl C-H bonds proceeds in high efficiency. This transformation provides access to novel cyclopropyl-fused azacycles. Ligand studies suggest that bisphosphine monoxide analogues of dppf and rac-BINAP are the active ligand species.

Soil stabilization linked to plant diversity and environmental context in coastal wetlands.

Background: Plants play a pivotal role in soil stabilization, with above-ground vegetation and roots combining to physically protect soil against erosion. It is possible that diverse plant communities boost root biomass, with knock-on positive effects for soil stability, but these relationships are yet to be disentangled.

Question: We hypothesize that soil erosion rates fall with increased plant species richness, and test explicitly how closely root biomass is associated with plant diversity.

Timing of ice retreat alters seabird abundances and distributions in the southeast Bering Sea.

Timing of spring sea-ice retreat shapes the southeast Bering Sea food web. We compared summer seabird densities and average bathymetry depth distributions between years with early (typically warm) and late (typically cold) ice retreat. Averaged over all seabird species, densities in early-ice-retreat-years were 10.

3D printing of liquid metals as fugitive inks for fabrication of 3D microfluidic channels.

This paper demonstrates a simple method to fabricate 3D microchannels and microvasculature at room temperature by direct-writing liquid metal as a sacrificial template. The formation of a surface oxide skin on the low-viscosity liquid metal stabilizes the shape of the printed metal for planar and out-of-plane structures. The printed structures can be embedded in a variety of soft (e.