Association between maternal hypothyroidism, baby birth weight, and adult cardiovascular disease risk: insights from ECG measurements.

Objectives: Thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency during pregnancy may affect cardiovascular function in offspring rats. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TH deficiency during gestation, on the electrocardiogram indices of young and middle-aged offspring of male rats.

Methods: Eight female rats were equally divided into hypothyroid and control groups.

Independent association of metabolic syndrome severity score and risk of diabetes: findings from 18 years of follow-up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between age-specific and sex-specific continuous metabolic syndrome severity score (cMetS-S) and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, the study aimed to assess the added value of cMetS-S in predicting T2DM compared with traditional MetS criteria.

Design: The study used a longitudinal cohort design, following participants for 18 years.

Approach to the Patient Considering Long-term Antithyroid Drug Therapy for Graves' Disease.

Antithyroid drugs (ATD) are the treatment of choice for the majority of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism worldwide. However, relapse of hyperthyroidism after withdrawal of arbitrarily chosen conventional 12 to 18 months of therapy is very common. In the last 2 decades, many studies have shown that treatment with long-term ATD (LT-ATD) is effective and safe in the maintenance of euthyroidism.

Interrelationship between thyroid hormones and reduced renal function, a review article.

Background: Understanding the relationship of thyroid hormones with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has important clinical implications for managing patients with both thyroid and kidney dysfunction. In this review, our purpose was to provide a thorough comprehension of the interplay between thyroid hormones, thyroid dysfunctions, and CKD. While there is evidence linking thyroid hormone levels to renal diseases, the association between thyroid hormones, specifically within the normal range, and the risk of CKD incidence is still a subject of debate.

The association of body mass index variability with cardiovascular disease and mortality: a mediation analysis of pooled cohorts.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the effect of BMI variability on CVD and mortality and to explore the mediation effects of the main cardiovascular risk factors contributing to this association.

Method: Participants aged 40-65 years were pooled from three cohort studies(ARIC [Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities], MESA [Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis], and TLGS [Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study]. We employed root mean squared error of the fractional mixed model to calculate BMI variability in the measurement period.

Association of trajectory of body shape index with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: 18 years follow-up.

Objectives: The current study aimed to examine how the trajectory of a body shape index (ABSI) could predict mortality in a prospective cohort of 5587 participants.

Methods: A Growth Mixture Model (GMM) was employed to identify ABSI and body shape trajectories spanning from 2000 to 2018. Multivariate Cox regression models with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were built to assess the association of death from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with ABSI and body shape trajectories.

Cardiometabolic-related dietary patterns and thyroid function: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Little is known about the association of dietary patterns with thyroid function. Since thyroid function and cardiometabolic variables are inter-related, we investigated whether cardiometabolic-related dietary patterns are associated with thyroid function.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3520 Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study participants.

The effect of metformin therapy on serum thyrotropin and free thyroxine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.

Type 2 diabetes and thyroid function disorders are two common chronic endocrine disorders with the high prevalence in various populations. Metformin is well established as the first-line drug therapy for managing diabetes mellitus. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effect of metformin on serum TSH and FT4 concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Trajectory patterns of metabolic syndrome severity score and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Background: The available evidence indicates that the severity of metabolic syndrome tends to worsen progressively over time. We assessed the trajectory of age and sex-specific continuous MetS severity score (cMetS-S) and its association with the development of diabetes during an 18-year follow-up.

Methods: In a prospective population-based Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 3931 eligible participants free of diabetes, aged 20-60 years, were followed at three-year intervals.

Independent association between age- and sex-specific metabolic syndrome severity score and cardiovascular disease and mortality.

Traditional metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria have several limitations, which hinder its use in clinical practice. To overcome the limitations, we investigated the association between age- and sex-specific continuous MetS severity score (cMetS-S) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality beyond MetS components in the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Participants aged 20-60 years at baseline were included in the study.

Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the combined preparation of levothyroxine plus sustained- release liothyronine; a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Understanding pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the sustained-release liothyronine (SR-T3) is of paramount importance to design therapeutic regimens that are able to simulate normal thyroid hormone secretion while avoiding excursions in the T3 serum concentration. Here, we designed a parallel randomized clinical trial to characterize the PK and PD of the combined preparations of LT4 + SR-T3 in hypothyroid patients.

Methods: Radioiodine-treated hypothyroid patients over 20 years of age, who attained euthyroidism with LT4 monotherapy were recruited from the Endocrine Clinic in Tehran.

Development and validation of a continuous metabolic syndrome severity score in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), defined as the coexistence of interrelated cardiometabolic risk factors, is limited by ignoring the severity of the disease and individuals with a pre-metabolic state. We aimed to develop the first age- and sex-specific continuous MetS severity score in the adult population using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on the MetS components in the Middle East. Using data from the population-based Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) I and II datasets, we conducted CFA of the single factor MetS on 8933 adults (20-60 years old) totally, and in age and sex subgroups.

Long-Term Follow-up of Graves Orbitopathy After Treatment With Short- or Long-Term Methimazole or Radioactive Iodine.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare long-term outcomes in terms of new onset or worsening of Graves orbitopathy (GO) in patients with Graves disease treated with different therapeutic modalities for hyperthyroidism.

Methods: A total of 1163 patients with Graves disease were enrolled in this study; 263 patients were treated with radioiodine and 808 patients received methimazole (MMI) therapy for a median of 18 months, of whom 178 patients continued MMI for a total of 96 months (long-term methimazole [LT-MMI]). The thyroid hormonal status and GO were evaluated regularly for a median of 159 months since enrollment.

The impact of metabolic syndrome on chronic kidney disease development. Insights from a big prospective study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can progress over time and cause renal replacement therapy. Studies showed the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and CKD. Current evidence is from cross-sectional studies.

Sex-specific Trajectories of Insulin Resistance Markers and Reduced Renal Function During 18 Years of Follow-up: TLGS.

Context: The evidence suggest that insulin resistance (IR) complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the longitudinal association of IR with development of CKD is unknown.

Objective: This work aimed to investigate the association between the dynamic course of insulin resistance and CKD.

Methods: In the longitudinal, population-based Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 3071 eligible participants aged 20 years or older were followed for 18 years at 3-year intervals.

Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Methimazole versus Radioactive Iodine in the Treatment of Toxic Multinodular Goiter.

Backgruound: This study compared the degree of sustained control of hyperthyroidism in patients with toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) treated with long-term methimazole (LT-MMI) or radioactive iodine (RAI).

Methods: In this clinical trial, 130 untreated patients with TMNG were randomized to either LT-MMI or RAI treatment. Both groups were followed for 108 to 148 months, with median follow-up durations of 120 and 132 months in the LT-MMI and RAI groups, respectively.

BMI variability and incident diabetes mellitus, Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).

Previous epidemiologic studies debated the association of body mass index (BMI) trends with cardiovascular disease and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the association of BMI variability and slope with the incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a sex-stratified 15.8-year follow-up in the population-based Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).

Incidence of Thyroid Dysfunction Facing Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Comparative Study with 9 Years of Follow-Up.

Background: Studies assessing thyroid hormones in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients are contradictory. Also, the effect of MetS on thyroid function over time is not yet evaluated. This study investigated the prevalence and incidence of thyroid dysfunction (TD) as well as time trends of thyroid hormones in subjects with and without MetS, during a 10-year follow-up in Tehranian adult population.

Reduced Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormone Is Associated with Diabetes and Hypertension.

Context: Recently, reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone as a more common finding in the general population and its possible association with metabolic parameters has been the focus of attention.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the cross-sectional association of thyroid hormone sensitivity with diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and its components.

Methods: The study included a Tehranian representative sample of 5124 subjects aged ≥20 years participating in the Tehran Thyroid Study (2008-2011).

Investigating the prevalence of primary thyroid dysfunction in obese and overweight individuals: Tehran thyroid study.

Background: Due to the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, it is essential to determine the prevalence of obesity-related thyroid dysfunctions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions, namely hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and their association with BMI among adult Iranian overweight and obese individuals.

Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out within the framework of the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS); 5353 participants (57.

Iranian Endocrine Society Guidelines for Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Context: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important endocrine disorder in perinatology, associated with several maternal and neonatal complications. Development of national guidelines can inform clinicians, health policymakers, and researchers about the most recent evidence and practical issues of diagnosis and management of GDM.

Objectives: We aimed to develop clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of GDM in Iranian pregnant women.