Effects of Anesthetic Choice on the Incidence of Transcranial-Motor Potential-Induced Oral Trauma.

Transcranial motor-evoked potentials (TcMEPs) play an integral role in assessing motor tract function in surgical procedures where motor function is at risk. However, transcranial stimulation creates a risk for oral trauma. Several studies have reported on distinct factors that can influence the rate of TcMEP-induced oral trauma, but little is known about how an anesthetic regimen can influence this rate.

Tourism operator mental health and its relationship with SME organisational resilience during disasters.

Crises have a negative, and often long-lasting impact on mental health. The stress of dealing with the ongoing and unpredictable aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented rise in mental health problems including low mood, depression and anxiety. Tourism businesses have faced ongoing challenges, with repeated lockdowns and drastically reduced tourist numbers and mental health challenges faced by operators may impact the resilience of tourism organisations and vice versa.

The Texas A&M University Hypervelocity Impact Laboratory: A modern aeroballistic range facility.

Novel engineering materials and structures are increasingly designed for use in severe environments involving extreme transient variations in temperature and loading rates, chemically reactive flows, and other conditions. The Texas A&M University Hypervelocity Impact Laboratory (HVIL) enables unique ultrahigh-rate materials characterization, testing, and modeling capabilities by tightly integrating expertise in high-rate materials behavior, computational and polymer chemistry, and multi-physics multiscale numerical algorithm development, validation, and implementation. The HVIL provides a high-throughput test bed for development and tailoring of novel materials and structures to mitigate hypervelocity impacts (HVIs).

A Systems Approach to Behavioral Neurobiology: Integrating Psychodynamics and Neuroscience in a Psychiatric Curriculum.

In the practice of medicine, an understanding of the biological functioning of organs and organ systems is the basis for theories of pathology and clinical practice. If psychoanalysis is to be accepted by the medical and psychiatric community, it must be based on a sophisticated understanding of the organ from which mental and emotional experiences emanate and use scientifically acceptable language. Each approach to psychotherapy has its own vocabulary for describing neuropsychological processes.

Cortical depth-dependent modeling of visual hemodynamic responses.

A physiologically based three-dimensional (3D) hemodynamic model is developed to predict the experimentally observed blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses versus the cortical depth induced by visual stimuli. Prior 2D approximations are relaxed in order to analyze 3D blood flow dynamics as a function of cortical depth. Comparison of the predictions with experimental data for evoked stimuli demonstrates that the full 3D model performs at least as well as previous approaches while remaining parsimonious.

Effects of parcellation and threshold on brainconnectivity measures.

It is shown that the statistical properties of connections between regions of the brain and their dependence on coarse-graining and thresholding in published data can be reproduced by a simple distance-based physical connectivity model. This allows studies with differing parcellation and thresholding to be interrelated objectively, and for the results of future studies on more finely grained or differently thresholded networks to be predicted. As examples of the implications, it is shown that the dependences of network measures on thresholding and parcellation imply that chosen brain regions can appear to form a small world network, even though the network at finer scales, or ultimately of individual neurons, may not be small world networks themselves.

Patient-based Performance Assessment for Pediatric Abdominal CT: An Automated Monitoring System Based on Lesion Detectability and Radiation Dose.

Rationale And Objective: To deploy an automated tool for evaluating pediatric body computed tomography (CT) performance utilizing metrics of radiation dose and image quality for the task of liver lesion detection.

Materials And Methods: This IRB approved retrospective investigation used 507 IV-contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT scans of pediatric patients (<18 years) between June 2014 and November 2017 acquired on three scanner models from two manufacturers. The scans were evaluated in terms of radiation metrics (CTDI, DLP, and SSDE) as well as task-based performance based on the clinical task of detecting a 5 mm liver lesion with a 10 HU attenuation difference from background liver.

Investigation of failure behavior of a thermoplastic elastomer gel.

Gels are increasingly being used in many applications, and it is important to understand how these gels fail subjected to mechanical deformation. Here, we investigate the failure behavior of a thermoplastic elastomer gel (TPEG) consisting of poly(styrene)-poly(isoprene)-poly(styrene) in mineral oil, in tensile mode, under constant stress, and in fracture tests, where the fracture initiates from a predefined crack. In these gels, the poly(styrene) endblocks associate to form spherical aggregates, as captured using SAXS.

Biophysically based method to deconvolve spatiotemporal neurovascular signals from fMRI data.

Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is commonly used to infer hemodynamic changes in the brain after increased neural activity, measuring the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal. An important challenge in the analyses of fMRI data is to develop methods that can accurately deconvolve the BOLD signal to extract the driving neural activity and the underlying cerebrovascular effects.

New Method: A biophysically based method is developed, which combines an extensively verified physiological hemodynamic model with a Wiener filter, to deconvolve the BOLD signal.

Primary Care Office Preparedness for Pediatric Emergencies.

Emergencies do occur in pediatric primary care offices. The American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine recommends that primary care offices perform a self-assessment of office readiness for emergencies. Primary care offices should develop an emergency response plan to recognize, stabilize, and transfer sick children.

Anisotropic Nanoparticles Contributing to Shear-Thickening Behavior of Fumed Silica Suspensions.

Rheological characteristics of a concentrated suspension can be tuned using anisotropic particles having various shapes and sizes. Here, the role of anisotropic nanoparticles, such as surface-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GONPs), on the rheological behavior of fumed silica suspensions in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is investigated. In these mixed-particle suspensions, the concentrations of MWNTs and GONPs are much lower than the fumed silica concentration.

Shock-like haemodynamic responses induced in the primary visual cortex by moving visual stimuli.

It is shown that recently discovered haemodynamic waves can form shock-like fronts when driven by stimuli that excite the cortex in a patch that moves faster than the haemodynamic wave velocity. If stimuli are chosen in order to induce shock-like behaviour, the resulting blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response is enhanced, thereby improving the signal to noise ratio of measurements made with functional magnetic resonance imaging. A spatio-temporal haemodynamic model is extended to calculate the BOLD response and determine the main properties of waves induced by moving stimuli.

Should Pediatric Practices Have Policies to Not Care for Children With Vaccine-Hesitant Parents?

One of the most divisive issues in pediatrics today concerns the proper response by pediatricians to parents who refuse routine childhood immunizations for their children. Many pediatricians refuse to care for such families. Others continue to provide care and continue to try to convince parents that the benefits of immunizations far outweigh the risks.

Effect of Temperature on the Shear-Thickening Behavior of Fumed Silica Suspensions.

Shear-thickening fluids (STFs) can be subjected to a significant temperature variation in many applications. Polymeric or oligomeric fluids are commonly used as suspending media for STFs. Because the viscosities of polymeric fluids are strongly temperature-dependent, large temperature changes can profoundly affect the shear-thickening responses.

Carbon Coated Implants as a New Solution for Metal Allergy in Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Study Design: Retrospective case report.

Objective: To report the first known case of immunological camouflage of a metal spinal implant with carbon coating.

Summary Of Background Data: Metal sensitivity is common and is a consideration when choosing orthopedic implants in susceptible individuals.

An efficient synthesis of fluorinated azaheterocycles by aminocyclization of alkenes.

A general and efficient approach to important fluorinated azaheterocycles has been developed by incorporating nucleophilic fluorination into alkene difunctionalization. This intramolecular aminofluorination transformation of alkenes has been achieved via the aminocyclization of reactive unsaturated N-iodoamines, which can be generated in situ from either unsaturated N-chloramines or their amine precursors in a one-pot protocol.

Battlefield tracheal intubation training using virtual simulation: a multi center operational assessment of video laryngoscope technology.

Airway management is an essential skill in providing care in trauma situations. The video laryngoscope is a tool which offers improvement in teaching airway management skills and in managing airways of trauma patients on the far forward battlefield. An Operational Assessment (OA) of videolaryngoscope technology for medical training and airway management was conducted by the Center for Advanced Technology and Telemedicine (at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE) for the US Air Force Modernization Command to validate this technology in the provision of Out of OR airway management and airway management training in military simulation centers.

Winter depression recurrence one year after cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, or combination treatment.

The central public health challenge in the management of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is prevention of depression recurrence each fall/winter season. The need for time-limited treatments with enduring effects is underscored by questionable long-term compliance with clinical practice guidelines recommending daily light therapy during the symptomatic months each year. We previously developed a SAD-tailored group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and tested its acute efficacy in 2 pilot studies.

The effect of psychiatric third-year rotation setting on academic performance, student attitudes, and specialty choice.

Objective: Few studies have directly compared the effects of third-year clerkship rotation type on measures of academic performance, student attitudes about psychiatry and psychiatric patients, and level of interest in psychiatry as a career. The goal of this study was to assess the extent to which rotation type influenced these outcome variables among third-year medical students.

Methods: The authors conducted a prospective study of 647 third-year medical students administratively assigned to one of three clinical settings: an acute inpatient ward, a hospital-based consultation-liaison service, and an outpatient mental health care clinic.

Hydrocortisone improves somnolence without hypotension in the postpartum period.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis abnormality and adrenal insufficiency secondary to chronic steroid treatment can be present in the perioperative period. When this occurs in pregnant patients during the peripartum period, the usually expected physiological changes may not be present. The hypotension associated with adrenal insufficiency may be masked by the normal physiological changes of pregnancy and delivery.

Perceptions and practices of graduates of combined family medicine-psychiatry residency programs: a nationwide survey.

Objective: The authors evaluate the current practices and perceptions of graduates of combined family medicine-psychiatry residency programs in the following areas: preparation for practice, boundary formation, and integration of skills sets.

Method: The authors conducted an electronic cross-sectional survey of all nationwide combined family medicine-psychiatry training graduates in the spring of 2005.

Results: Twenty-seven (62.

A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder.

This first controlled psychotherapy trial for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) compared SAD-tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), light therapy (LT), and their combination to a concurrent wait-list control. Adults (N = 61) with major depression, recurrent with seasonal pattern, were randomized to one of four 6-week conditions: CBT (1.5-hr twice-weekly group therapy), LT (10,000-lux for 90-min/day with administration time individually adjusted), combined CBT + LT, or a minimal contact/delayed LT control (MCDT; LT following 6 weeks of monitoring).

The role of psychiatry in U.S. Air Force primary care: research-based models for clinical consultation and education.

The integration of mental health treatment with primary care is a U.S. Air Force priority.

A neural systems-based neurobiology and neuropsychiatry course: integrating biology, psychodynamics, and psychology in the psychiatric curriculum.

Objective: Psychotherapy and biological psychiatry remain divided in psychiatry residency curricula. Behavioral neurobiology and neuropsychiatry provide a systems-level framework that allows teachers to integrate biology, psychodynamics, and psychology.

Method: The authors detail the underlying assumptions and outline of a neural systems-based neuroscience course they teach at the National Capital Consortium Psychiatry Residency Program.

A systems approach to behavioral neurobiology: integrating psychodynamics and neuroscience in a psychiatric curriculum.

In the practice of medicine, an understanding of the biological functioning of organs and organ systems is the basis for theories of pathology and clinical practice. If psychoanalysis is to be accepted by the medical and psychiatric community, it must be based on a sophisticated understanding of the organ from which mental and emotional experiences emanate and use scientifically acceptable language. Each approach to psychotherapy has its own vocabulary for describing neuropsychological processes.