Assessing the Quality of Social Media Content Regarding Facial Paralysis and Reanimation.

Patients frequently use social media to direct their health care. However, the quality of social media posts regarding facial paralysis and reanimation is unclear. To assess the quality of facial reanimation posts on social media.

Harms reporting by systematic reviews for functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a cross-sectional analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the completeness of harms reporting in systematic reviews (SRs) pertaining to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).

Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we performed a comprehensive search using MEDLINE (PubMed and Ovid), EMBASE, Epistemonikos, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases for SRs regarding FESS on May 15th, 2022. Returns were screened and data were extracted in a masked, duplicate manner.

The impact of COVID-19 on otolaryngology research: a cross-sectional analysis of discontinued trials.

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the capacity to conduct medical research due to recruitment difficulties, supply chain shortages, and funding deficits. The clinical practice of otolaryngology was especially impacted due to a reduction in elective procedures, such as facial plastic surgeries and vocal fold injections.

Objectives: The primary objective was to examine the extent of clinical trial (CTs) disruption secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic in the field of otolaryngology.

The Use of Person-centered Language in Medical Research Articles Focusing on Hearing Loss or Deafness.

Background: Hearing loss represents one of the most common disabilities worldwide. Despite its prevalence, there is a degree of stigmatization within the public's perception of, or attitude toward, individuals diagnosed with hearing loss or deafness. This stigmatization is propagated by the way hearing loss is referenced, especially in writing.

Evaluation of Spin in the Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Focused on Tinnitus.

Hypothesis: The objective was to investigate the prevalence of spin in abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses covering the treatment of tinnitus. We hypothesized that spin would be present in these articles and a significant relationship would exist between spin usage and extracted study characteristics.

Background: Spin, the misrepresentation of study findings, can alter a clinician's interpretation of a study's results, potentially affecting patient care.

Spin the Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Regarding the Treatment of Ménière's Disease.

Objectives: To identify, quantify, and characterize the presence of spin-specific strategies leading to misrepresentation of study results-in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of Ménière's disease treatment.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we searched MEDLINE and Embase on May 28, 2020, for systematic reviews and meta-analyses focused on Ménière's disease treatment. Returned searches were screened, and data were extracted in a masked, duplicate fashion.

Biomarkers of Exposure in ENDS Users, Smokers, and Dual Users of American Indian Descent.

Objectives: We measured biomarkers of exposure among American Indian (AI) ENDS users, smokers, and dual users.

Methods: Urine was analyzed for total nicotine equivalents (TNE) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol(NNAL). Expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) was collected.

Endemic North American Plants as Potentially Suitable Agents for Wound Cleaning Under Resource Scarce Conditions.

Introduction: Skin and subcutaneous infections are dangerous sequelae of soft tissue injuries, especially in austere situations where medical technology is not available. Numerous plant species endemic to North America have been described as having antibacterial properties. Of these, St.

The relationship between nicotine metabolism and nicotine and carcinogen exposure among American Indian commercial cigarette smokers and electronic nicotine delivery system users.

Background: In American Indian (AI) tobacco users from the southern plains region of the US, we examined the relationship between nicotine and carcinogen exposure and nicotine metabolism.

Methods: Smokers (n = 27), electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) users (n = 21), and dual users (n = 25) of AI descent were recruited from a southern plains state. Urinary biomarkers of nicotine metabolism (nicotine metabolite ratio [NMR]), nicotine dose (total nicotine equivalents [TNE]), and a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides [total NNAL] were measured.

An analysis of the literature addressing tonsillectomy knowledge gaps.

Importance: The ability of clinical practice guidelines to improve patient outcomes depends on the quality of evidence that they are built upon. Research into tonsillectomy in children is lacking, and the gaps in evidence were identified by guideline authors.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the extent that new research is addressing the gaps identified in the AAO-HNS Tonsillectomy in Children Guideline.

Community-Based Study Recruitment of American Indian Cigarette Smokers and Electronic Cigarette Users.

Data on the effectiveness of strategies for the recruitment of American Indians (AIs) into research is needed. This study describes and compares methods for identifying and recruiting AI tobacco users into a pilot study. Community-based strategies were used to recruit smokers (n = 35), e-cigarette users (n = 28), and dual users (n = 32) of AI descent.

Electronic cigarette aerosols suppress cellular antioxidant defenses and induce significant oxidative DNA damage.

Background: Electronic cigarette (EC) aerosols contain unique compounds in addition to toxicants and carcinogens traditionally found in tobacco smoke. Studies are warranted to understand the public health risks of ECs.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxicity and the mechanisms induced by EC aerosol extracts on human oral and lung epithelial cells.

Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer: Changing Trends in Incidence in the United States and Oklahoma.

Oral cavity cancer (OC) has steadily decreased in the United States (US) since 1973 whereas oropharyngeal cancer (OP) has increased. We analyzed OC and OP cases from the Oklahoma Central Cancer Registry and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program comparing those diagnosed from 1997-1999 to those diagnosed from 2010-2012. We compared the incidence of OC and OP cases between Oklahoma and the US and by demographic factors.

Lifestyle behaviors among US cancer survivors.

Purpose: We describe and compare lifestyle behaviors, including smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and nutrition, among cancer survivors to individuals with no cancer.

Methods: Data from the 2013 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System were used for this cross-sectional study. Weighted analysis was performed, and associations were examined by adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).

Linking γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor to epidermal growth factor receptor pathways activation in human prostate cancer.

Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation has been attributed to the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Growth factor pathways including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling have been implicated in the development of NE features and progression to a castration-resistant phenotype. However, upstream molecules that regulate the growth factor pathway remain largely unknown.

Expression of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) in neuroendocrine tumors & adenocarcinomas of pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and lung.

Human aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) was initially identified as an enzyme in reducing 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) to 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol (3α-diol) and oxidizing 3α-diol to androsterone. It was subsequently demonstrated to possess ketosteroid reductase activity in metabolizing other steroids including estrogen and progesterone, 11-ketoprostaglandin reductase activity in metabolizing prostaglandins, and dihydrodiol dehydrogenase x (DDx) activity in metabolizing xenobiotics. AKR1C3 was demonstrated in sex hormone-dependent tissues including testis, breast, endometrium, and prostate; in sex hormone-independent tissues including kidney and urothelium.

Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) is expressed in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma but not small cell carcinoma.

Human aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) was initially identified as a critical enzyme in reducing 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) to 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (3α-diol) and oxidizing 3α-diol to androsterone. Based on these enzymatic activities, AKR1C3 was originally named type 2 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD)/type 5 17β-HSD. Additionally, AKR1C3 was demonstrated to be capable of metabolizing other steroids including estrogen and progesterone.