Clinical and Genetic Aspects of Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Management.

Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare, heterogeneous, and complex neurodevelopmental disorder. It is generally caused by a heterozygous microdeletion of contiguous genes located in the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 22, including the gene. Sequence variants of , including frameshift, nonsense mutations, small indels and splice site mutations also result in PMS.

[Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Description of five cases characterized by means of single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays].

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome is a polymalformative entity due to the microdeletion in the distal region of the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.3), which produces a series of clinical manifestations that can vary depending on the type and size of the genetic defect in this contiguous gene syndrome. Five patients are presented, three of them female, all with the primary clinical findings, characterized by "Greek warrior helmet appearance" facial feature, growth retardation and psychomotor development delay.

[Hallazgos clínicos y epidemiológicos en la neurofibromatosis tipo 1 y el complejo esclerosis tuberosa en una serie de pacientes pediátricos].

IntroducciÓn: La neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1) es una entidad genética con una incidencia de 1 entre 2,500 a 3,500 nacimientos. Por su parte, el complejo esclerosis tuberosa (CET) presenta una incidencia de 1 entre 6,000 a 10,000 nacimientos. Ambas entidades neurocutáneas cursan con un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante, expresividad variable y la morbimortalidad se encuentra asociada a complicaciones multisistémicas.

[Isotretinoin embryopathy: An entity that can be avoided].

Isotretinoin is the most effective drug in the treatment of severe recalcitrant nodulocystic acne. However, treatment with this drug is associated with adverse effects, the most severe being teratogenesis. It has been estimated that 40% of pregnancies exposed to isotretinoin present spontaneous abortion and 35% develop embryopathy.

[Clinical and molecular study in a family with cleidocranial dysplasia].

Cleidocranial dysplasia is an uncommon bone dysplasia with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern characterized by short stature, large fontanels, midface hypoplasia, absence or hypoplasia of clavicles and orodental alterations. This is Estudio clínico y molecular en una familia con displasia cleidocraneal Clinical and molecular study in a family with cleidocranial dysplasia produced by mutations in the RUNX2 gene located at 6p21.1.

[Mosaic trisomy 18. Series of cases].

Trisomy 18 syndrome (T18) is a clinical and genetic disorder, which has a full extra chromosome 18 in each cell, variant that is called free trisomy. In addition, it can occur in partial and mosaic form. It is characterized by intrauterine growth restriction, psychomotor and mental retardation, characteristic craniofacial findings, congenital heart disease, hypoplastic pelvis, clenched hand and rocker-bottom foot, among others.

[Metatropic dysplasia in a girl with c.1811_1812delinsAT mutation in exon 11 of the TRPV4 gene not previously reported].

Metatropic dysplasia is a skeletal disorder with clinical heterogeneity, characterized by craniofacial dysmorphy including frontal bossing and midface hypoplasia, short trunk,progressive kyphoscoliosis and shortened limbs. The TRPV4 gene is located on 12q24.11, coding a cation channel with nonselective permeability to calcium; it is expressed and involved in many physiological processes through responses to different stimuli.

[Clinical and molecular study of the Noonan syndrome].

Noonan syndrome is a relatively common autosomal dominant entity, clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous; characterized by postnatally reduced growth, distinctive facial dysmorphism, cardiac defects and variable cognitive deficits. The PTPN11 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 12 and is primarily responsible for the clinically diagnosed cases of this entity. We report the case of a 18 month-old boy, evaluated in a multidisciplinary way, with clinic and molecular diagnosis of Noonan syndrome, with the missense mutation in PTPN11 gene, G503R (c.