The electrophysiological tests in the early detection of the visual pathway dysfunction in patients with microadenoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the validity of electrophysiological tests in the early diagnosis of a ganglion cells and/or optic nerve dysfunction in patients with pituitary microadenoma.

Methods: 66 eyes, from 33 patients with microadenoma with no evidence of the optic chiasm compression in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the visual impairment in the routine ophthalmological examination, standard static perimetry (24-2 white on white) and optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT), were analysed. The pattern electroretinogram (PERG), standard pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) and multichannel visual evoked potentials (mVEPs) (ISCEV standards) were performed.

The importance of the electrophysiological tests in the early diagnosis of ganglion cells and/or optic nerve dysfunction coexisting with pituitary adenoma: an overview.

Background And Methods: Based on the available literature, it is suggested, in the clinical evaluation of the chiasmal tumors, that the following electrophysiological tests: visual evoked potentials to pattern-reversal stimulation, multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs), and pattern electroretinogram (PERG) play an important role in the diagnosis of the optic nerve and retinal dysfunction in the course of pituitary tumors.

Results: Macroadenomas and also microadenomas may cause dysfunction of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, even in the absence of changes in the routine ophthalmological examination, retinal sensitivity in standard automated perimetry, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in optical coherent tomography. The most frequently observed changes in electrophysiological tests were as follows: in PVEPs-the crossed/uncrossed asymmetry distribution, altered waveform, increase in P100-wave peak time, and/or reduction in amplitude; in mfVEPs-the peak time prolongation and/or amplitude reduction in C1-wave; in PERG-the reduction in N95-wave amplitude and decreased N95:P50 amplitude ratio.

The clinical value of the multi-channel PVEP and PERG in the diagnosis and management of the patient with pituitary adenoma: a case report.

Purpose: To present a patient with a diagnosis of pituitary adenoma and progressive visual pathway dysfunction detected in the electrophysiological tests in one-year follow-up. Patient is a 59-year-old male with a non-secreting pituitary macroadenoma.

Methods: Routine ophthalmological evaluation, standard automatic perimetry (SAP), retinal nerve fibers layer and the ganglion cell complex thickness in optical coherent tomography (OCT), as well as electrophysiological examinations (pattern electroretinogram-PERG, multi-channel pattern visual evoked potentials-multi-channel PVEPs record according to ISCEV standards) were performed.

[Conservative management of posttraumatic diplopia].

Purpose: To determine the effect of prism correction with physicotherapeutic procedures on symptomatic improvement in posttraumatic oculomotor, trochlear and abducent nerves palsy.

Patients And Methods: Twenty eight patients (five women and twenty three men) at the age range from 23 to 50 years (mean age of 36.5 y.

[Congenital optic disc anomalies--own observations].

The aim of this article is to present a clinical picture of congenital optic nerve anomalies, which occur quite frequently in the general population, may cause low vision and visual field defects. These abnormalities can coexist with central nervous system defects or the other ocular abnormalities. Some of them may be misdiagnosed as papilloedema during the episode of intracranial fluid pressure elevation or glaucomatous neuropathy.

[Terson syndrome--a literature review].

Tersone syndrome was first described in 1900 as haemorrhages in the eye that occur as a consequence of intracranial hemorrhage. The main cause of the syndrome in adults is a subarachnoid hemorrhage following the rupture of intracranial aneurysm. The pathogenesis has not been fully understood.

[Glaucoma after laser diode treatment in retinopathy of prematurity--case series].

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to analyze treatment and outcomes in children with glaucoma secondary to diode laser photocoagulation in retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods: The group of 1507 newborns, examined as outpatients between 2008 and 2013, were retrospectively analyzed. Five patients (0.

[Idiopathic choroidal neovascularization--case report].

Purpose: To report a patient with peripapillary idiopathic choroidal neovascularization treated with an anti-VEGF (anti- vascular endothelial growth factor) agent (bevacizumab) observed during for 9 months.

Patient And Methods: Twenty nine years old man was referred to the Department for diagnosis and treatment because of unilateral visual acuity decrease in the right eye (VA RE--0.1) and metamorphopsias.

[Plexiform neurofibroma of the upper eyelid and orbit in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease--case report].

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant genetic disease, which belongs to the neuro-oculo-cutaneous syndromes (phakomatoses). The authors present a case of a girl with familial neurofibromatosis. In addition to typical skin lesions and Lisch nodules on the iris, the plexiform neurofibroma of the upper eyelid and orbit as well as hamartoma of the central nervous system were observed.

[Endophthalmitis in course of candidosis--a case report].

Purpose: Description of a rare case of bilateral fungal endophthalmitis in a patient and the associated diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.

Material And Methods: Patient 28 years old was diagnosed because of bilateral deterioration in endophthalmitis. Therefore, the diagnostic possibilities were run down and material taken from the vitreous chamber were handed to determine the Candida spp.

Congenital optic disc cyst concomitant with persistent hyaloid artery--a case report.

The aim is to present a rare case of solitary malformation in the form of a congenital optic disc cyst concomitant with the persistent hyaloid artery. The intrabulbar congenital cyst of the optic disc partially covering the medial part of the disc was found in a 3-month old infant. B-San ultrasound confirmed the presence of the intrabulbar heterogeneous mass (7.

The use of galantamine in the treatment of post-traumatic oculomotor and trochlear nerve palsy.

Purpose: To assess the suitability of galantamine for the symptomatic treatment of post-traumatic oculomotor (III) and trochlear (IV) nerve palsy.

Material And Methods: The routine ophthalmic and strabological examination was performed in five patients (4 females and 1 male) at the age of 31 to 57 years (mean 40.7) with the post-traumatic ophthalmic complications.

From ophthalmologist to dentist via radiology.

Background: The aim of this paper was to analyze the causes of orbital cellulitis in connection with covert dental changes as well as to establish the role of radiological procedures in the final diagnosis and further treatment of such cases.

Material/methods: Thirty-two patients, aged 25-56, 22 women and 10 men were diagnosed and treated between January 2007 and April 2011 at the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. The patients were examined in the infirmary of the ophthalmological department due to unilateral blepharo-oedema, abrupt pain and vision disturbances; in 5 cases, body temperature increased up to 37.

Myopia and night lighting. Investigations on children with negative family history.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to investigate if ambient lighting at night before the age of 2 years is associated with the occurrence of myopia in a large population of Polish children. To eliminate the influence of genetic factors, only children with a negative family history of myopia were included.

Material And Methods: A total of 3905 students, all of whom had a negative family history of myopia were examined (1800 boys and 2105 girls, aged 6-18 years, mean age 12.

[Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with spontaneous regression of subfoveal changes--case report].

Purpose: To report a patient with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with spontaneous regression of subfoveal changes during follow-up.

Material And Methods: The seventy six years old men was referred to the treatment of exudative type of age related macular degeneration (AMD) in the RE. The routine ophthalmological examination, the optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were performed.

The effect of genetic factors on the occurrence of myopia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate on a large population if and how genetic factors have an influence on the occurrence of myopia.

Material And Methods: A total of 5533 students were examined (2659 boys and 2874 girls, in age 6 18 years, mean age 11.9, S.

[Cases of congenital eye malformations in children].

Purpose: The aim of this work was to present a clinical picture of congenital defects in the anterior and posterior segment of the eye and coexisting systemic developmental anomalies in a group of children during the infantile period.

Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis in a group of 1507 infants seen at our outpatient ophthalmology clinic in 2006-2010. Attention was focused on case histories of nine children (0.

[Persistent fetal vasculature syndrome--clinical image and diagnostic difficulties].

Purpose: The aim of this review is to present cases of clinically differentiated picture of persistent fetal vasculature syndrome--PFVS (also called persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous body--PHPVB) observed in group of infants and children.

Material And Methods: Case records of four children with characteristic changes of posterior form of persistent fetal vasculature syndrome, which were observed on fundus of the eyes, were analyzed retrospectively. Routine ophthalmological examination, genetic, cytogenetic and laboratory tests towards coexisting bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases and congenital anomaly of the eye or chorioretinal neoplastic changes of neonatal period were performed.

Chorioretinitis in infants.

Purpose: The aim of this review is to present cases of chorioretinitis in infants caused by viral and parasitic infections.

Material And Methods: Four infants with viral chorioretinitis were identified in a routine ophthalmological examination. Laboratory tests towards bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases were performed.

[Eye development in children. Part I. Eyeball dimensions].

Purpose: The aim of an article is to introduce and elaborate on the available literature concerning eyeball development.

Material And Methods: The information content in the article comes from studies performed on groups of children of different ages. In some analysis study groups were chosen depending on sex.

[Eye development in children. Part II. Eye refraction].

Purpose: The aim of this article is to introduce and elaborate on changes of eye refraction during growth of the eyeball based on available literature.

Material And Methods: All the data in the article comes from studies performed on children from different age groups. In some studies children were divided to different gender groups with some parameters being analyzed separately.

Reading, writing, working on a computer or watching television, and myopia.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to investigate on a large population if reading, writing, working on a computer or watching television might be associated with the occurrence of myopia.

Material And Methods: A total of 5865 schoolchildren were examined (2792 boys and 3073 girls, at the age 6-18 years, mean age 11.9, S.

Prevalence of refractive errors in schoolchildren ranging from 6 to 18 years of age.

Purpose: The aim of the paper was to study the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism in schoolchildren ranging from 6-18 years of age.

Material And Methods: 5724 children from elementary schools, junior high schools and high schools were examined (2765 boys and 2959 girls, aged 6-18 years, mean age 11.7, SD = 3.

Role of gender in the occurrence of refractive errors.

Purpose: The aim of the paper was to study the role of gender in the occurrence of refractive errors in schoolchildren ranging from 6-18 years of age.

Material And Methods: 5865 children from elementary schools, junior high schools and high schools were examined (2845 boys, aged 6-18 years, mean age 11.4, SD = 3.

Study of the transport of silver across a supported liquid membrane containing sulphide podand.

The transport of silver through a supported liquid membrane saturated with a polydentate neutral ionophore 1,12-di-thienyl-2,5,8,11-tetrathiadodecane in m-chlorotoluene has been studied. Thiosulphate was used as the stripping solution. The influence of the feed solution composition, the type of a microporous polypropylene Celgard support, the ratio of feed/receiving solution volume, and the initial Ag concentration on the rate of transport of silver was examined.