Experimental Quantum Non-Gaussian Coincidences of Entangled Photons.

Quantum non-Gaussianity, a more potent and highly useful form of nonclassicality, excludes all convex mixtures of Gaussian states and Gaussian parametric processes generating them. Here, for the first time, we conclusively test quantum non-Gaussian coincidences of entangled photon pairs with the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-Bell factor S=2.328±0.

Coherence-Based Operational Nonclassicality Criteria.

The nonclassicality of quantum states is a fundamental resource for quantum technologies and quantum information tasks, in general. In particular, a pivotal aspect of quantum states lies in their coherence properties, encoded in the nondiagonal terms of their density matrix in the Fock-state bosonic basis. We present operational criteria to detect the nonclassicality of individual quantum coherences that use only data obtainable in experimentally realistic scenarios.

Quantum Non-Gaussianity of Multiphonon States of a Single Atom.

Quantum non-Gaussian mechanical states are already required in a range of applications. The discrete building blocks of such states are the energy eigenstates-Fock states. Despite progress in their preparation, the remaining imperfections can still invisibly cause loss of the aspects critical for their applications.

Lumbar Spine and Lower Extremity Overuse Injuries.

Both lower extremities and lower back are common sources of injury for cyclists. For providers to optimize care within this area of sports medicine, they need to understand the most common sources of injury in this population. Cycling presents a unique challenge: treating both the athlete and the complex relationship between rider and bicycle.

Radiofrequency Ablation for Thoracic and Abdominal Chronic Pain Syndromes.

Chronic thoracic pain and chronic abdominal pain are common conditions that can significantly affect quality of life. Pain syndromes encompassing a variety of causes, including cancer pain, neuritis, and postsurgical pain, are traditionally managed by the use of pharmacologic therapy; however, many cases are refractory to these conservative methods. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been increasingly used as a tool to treat resistant, chronic pain of both thoracic and abdominal origin.

Genetic control of flowering in greater yam (Dioscorea alata L.).

Background: Greater yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is a major tropical and subtropical staple crop cultivated for its starchy tubers. Breeding of this dioecious species is hampered by its erratic flowering, yet little is currently known on the genetic determinism of its sexual reproduction.

Radiotherapy-Specific Chronic Pain Syndromes in the Cancer Population: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review.

While radiation therapy is increasingly utilized in the treatment paradigm of many solid cancers, the chronic effects of radiation therapies are poorly characterized. Notably, understanding radiation-specific chronic pain syndromes is paramount given that the diagnosis and management of these conditions can serve to prevent long-standing functional impairments, optimize quality of life, and even allow for continued radiotherapy candidacy. These radiation-specific chronic pain phenomena include dermatitis, mucositis, enteritis, connective tissue fibrosis, lymphedema, and neuropathic pain syndromes.

Interventional Radiofrequency Treatment for the Sympathetic Nervous System: A Review Article.

Introduction: Interventional techniques such as radiofrequency (RF) treatment can be used to interrupt pain signals transmitted through the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). RF treatments including the pulsed (PRF) and continuous (CRF) modalities show enhanced control over lesion size and enhanced ability to confirm accurate positioning compared to other interventional methods. PRF also acts to reduce the area of the lesion.

2020 Heart Failure Society of South Africa perspective on the 2016 European Society of Cardiology Chronic Heart Failure Guidelines.

Heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a condition frequently encountered by healthcare professionals and, in order to achieve the best outcomes for patients, needs to be managed optimally. This guideline document is based on the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the treatment of acute and chronic heart failure published in 2016, and summarises what is considered the best current management of patients with the condition. It provides information on the definition, diagnosis and epidemiology of HFrEF in the African context.

Nonclassical Light from Large Ensembles of Trapped Ions.

The vast majority of physical objects we are dealing with are almost exclusively made of atoms. Because of their discrete level structure, single atoms have proved to be emitters of light, which is incompatible with the classical description of electromagnetic waves. We demonstrate this incompatibility for atomic fluorescence when scaling up the size of the source ensemble, which consists of trapped atomic ions, by several orders of magnitude.

Quantum non-Gaussianity from a large ensemble of single photon emitters.

Quantum attributes of light have been related to non-classicality so far, i. e. to incompatibility with mixtures of coherent states.

Nonclassical light from a large number of independent single-photon emitters.

Nonclassical quantum effects gradually reach domains of physics of large systems previously considered as purely classical. We derive a hierarchy of operational criteria suitable for a reliable detection of nonclassicality of light from an arbitrarily large ensemble of independent single-photon emitters. We show, that such large ensemble can always emit nonclassical light without any phase reference and under realistic experimental conditions including incoherent background noise.

Quantum non-Gaussian Depth of Single-Photon States.

We introduce and experimentally explore the concept of the non-Gaussian depth of single-photon states with a positive Wigner function. The depth measures the robustness of a single-photon state against optical losses. The directly witnessed quantum non-Gaussianity withstands significant attenuation, exhibiting a depth of 18 dB, while the nonclassicality remains unchanged.

HLA-A2.1-restricted T cells react to SEREX-defined tumor antigen CML66L and are suppressed by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.

The question of whether T cell responses to SEREX-defined tumor antigens are under regulation of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (nTreg cells) has not been answered. To address this issue, we first identified an HLA-A2.1-restricted T cell antigen epitope of SEREX-identified tumor antigen CML66L, 66Pa.

Immunization against MUC18/MCAM, a novel antigen that drives melanoma invasion and metastasis.

Melanoma patients with metastases have a very low survival rate and limited treatment options. Therefore, the targeting of melanoma cells when they begin to invade and metastasize would be beneficial. An adhesion molecule that is upregulated at the vertical growth phase is the melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM/MUC18).

Alphavirus replicon particles containing the gene for HER2/neu inhibit breast cancer growth and tumorigenesis.

Introduction: Overexpression of the HER2/neu gene in breast cancer is associated with an increased incidence of metastatic disease and with a poor prognosis. Although passive immunotherapy with the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) has shown some effect, a vaccine capable of inducing T-cell and humoral immunity could be more effective.

Methods: Virus-like replicon particles (VRP) of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus containing the gene for HER2/neu (VRP-neu) were tested by an active immunotherapeutic approach in tumor prevention models and in a metastasis prevention model.

Doxorubicin and paclitaxel enhance the antitumor efficacy of vaccines directed against HER 2/neu in a murine mammary carcinoma model.

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents administered prior to immunotherapy with gene vaccines could augment the efficacy of the vaccines.

Methods: Mice were injected in the mammary fat pad with an aggressive breast tumor cell line that expresses HER2/neu. The mice were treated 3 days later with a noncurative dose of either doxorubicin or paclitaxel, and the following day with a gene vaccine to HER2/neu.

Elastography imaging of small animal oncology models: a feasibility study.

To test the feasibility of applying ultrasonic elastography on small animal oncology models, experiments were performed in vitro and in situ on murine mammary lesions induced exogenously by tumor cell line 66.3. In vitro studies involved three 1-week-old excised tumors embedded in a phantom block with ultrasonic properties similar to those of soft biologic tissues.

Real-time quantitative PCR for detection of Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common chronic infections in humans, in whom it is a key etiological factor in peptic ulcer disease, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Humans are the bacterium's only host. Here we report the development of a real-time quantitative (Q) PCR-based assay to measure ureC gene copy number to detect H.

DNA vaccination against neu reduces breast cancer incidence and metastasis in mice.

The gene for HER2/neu is overexpressed in 30-40% of breast and ovarian cancers, and this overexpression correlates with increased metastasis and poor prognosis. The HER2/neu gene product, a transmembrane protein kinase member of the EGF receptor family, has significant potential as a tumor antigen for vaccination. We inserted the sequence for neu into a novel plasmid called ELVIS containing a Sindbis virus replicon that reproduces multiple copies of mRNA.