Perinatal Care Provider Perspectives on Integrating Clinical Research Into the Clinical Infrastructure.

Introduction: This study explored perinatal health care providers' perspectives on the recruitment of pregnant participants and integrating clinical research into their practice, with a particular emphasis on the complexities introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: From May to September 2021, semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 perinatal health care providers from an urban US health center. The interview transcripts were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis framework, a rigorous method for analyzing qualitative data by identifying, coding, and reporting themes.

Impact of Diet Modifications on Body Weight, Body Composition, Treatment Outcomes, and Quality of Life During Primary Treatment for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Context: Breast cancer is a significant public health challenge, with 290 000 new cases annually and significant healthcare costs. Treatment advancements have led to improvements in survival, but common adverse effects include weight gain, fatigue, nausea, and taste changes, decreasing quality of life.

Objective: This review aims to assess the impact of diet and lifestyle interventions during primary treatment for breast cancer and their effects on body weight, body composition, treatment-related adverse outcomes, and patient-reported quality of life.

Inflammatory Dietary Potential Is Associated with Vitamin Depletion and Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in Early Pregnancy.

Pregnancy alters many physiological systems, including the maternal gut microbiota. Diet is a key regulator of this system and can alter the host immune system to promote inflammation. Multiple perinatal disorders have been associated with inflammation, maternal metabolic alterations, and gut microbial dysbiosis, including gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, and mood disorders.

Food Choice and Dietary Perspectives of Young, Urban, Black Pregnant Women: A Focus Group Study.

Black pregnant women in Chicago are disproportionately affected by maternal morbidity and mortality and are more likely to reside in neighborhoods that experience greater economic hardships and food apartheid than any other race/ethnicity. Addressing social determinants of health such as structural inequities, economic environment, and food apartheid issues may provide insights into eliminating Black maternal morbidity and mortality disparities. This study explores food choice determinants and dietary perspectives of young, urban, Black pregnant women.

Design of a Remote Time-Restricted Eating and Mindfulness Intervention to Reduce Risk Factors Associated with Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Development among Young Adults.

Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is defined as a diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals younger than 50 years of age. While overall CRC rates in the United States (US) decreased between 2001 and 2018, EOCRC rates have increased. This research project aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Time-Restricted Eating (TRE), Mindfulness, or TRE combined with Mindfulness among young to middle-aged adults at risk of EOCRC.

Inflammatory dietary potential is associated with vitamin depletion and gut microbial dysbiosis in early pregnancy.

Background: Pregnancy alters many physiological systems, including the maternal gut microbiota. Diet is a key regulator of this system and can alter the host immune system to promote inflammation. Multiple perinatal disorders have been associated with inflammation, maternal metabolic alterations, and gut microbial dysbiosis, including gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and mood disorders.

Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Depressive Symptoms among a Nationally Representative Sample of Pregnant Women in the United States.

Background: Prenatal depression affects ∼12% of pregnant women in the United States and is associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes and maternal mortality. Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern may reduce and/or protect against depressive symptoms.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and depressive symptoms among pregnant women in the United States.

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Feasibility Study of Probiotic Supplementation in an Urban Academic Facility among Diverse Pregnant Individuals.

(1) Background: Despite iron intake recommendations, over a quarter of pregnant individuals have iron deficiency. (®) enhances iron absorption in non-pregnant populations and may have positive effects in pregnancy among those with sufficient iron stores; however, no studies have evaluated the effect of ® on maternal and neonatal iron status among individuals at risk for iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Thus, this study aims to assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of daily oral ® maternal supplementation among diverse pregnant individuals.

Efficacy of behavioral interventions to improve maternal mental health and breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review.

Background: Despite extensive benefits and high intentions, few mothers breastfeed exclusively for the recommended duration. Maternal mental health is an important underlying factor associated with barriers and reduced rates of breastfeeding intent, initiation, and continuation. Given evidence of a bidirectional association between maternal mental health and breastfeeding, it is important to consider both factors when examining the efficacy of interventions to improve these outcomes.

Recruitment and Retention of Urban Pregnant Women to a Clinical Study Administering an Oral Isotope Dietary Tracer.

Introduction: Pregnant women are a vulnerable population that are difficult to engage in clinical research. We report successful recruitment and retention strategies used in a longitudinal pilot study of urban racially/ethnically diverse pregnant women that involved administration of an orally ingested isotope tracer, multiple venipunctures, biopsy of placenta after delivery, and cord or placental blood collection.

Materials And Methods: We used direct strategies to recruit English-speaking obese and nonobese pregnant women aged 17-45 years, who were in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Feasibility of a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Perinatal Depression and Promote Human Milk Feeding: Randomized Pilot Trial.

Background: Mothers who identify as Black or African American are more likely to report depressed moods in late pregnancy and early postpartum and have the lowest rates of human milk feeding compared with all other racial groups in the United States. Internet interventions offer the potential to extend preventative and supportive services as they address key barriers, particularly for those navigating the complex and vulnerable early postpartum period. However, there is limited evidence on the feasibility of such interventions for preventing perinatal mental health disorders and improving human milk feeding outcomes in Black mothers.

Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Lower Depressive Symptoms among U.S. Adults.

Depression is a leading cause of disability, yet current prevention and treatment approaches have only had modest effects. It is important to better understand the role of dietary patterns on depressive symptoms, which may help prevent depression or complement current treatments. This study examined whether adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med Diet), determined by the Alternate Med Diet score (aMED), was associated with depressive symptoms in a representative sample of U.

Using computerised adaptive tests to screen for perinatal depression in underserved women of colour.

Background: Compared with traditional screening questionnaires, computerised adaptive tests for severity of depression (CAT-DI) and computerised adaptive diagnostic modules for depression (CAD-MDD) show improved precision in screening for major depressive disorder. CAT measures have been tailored to perinatal women but have not been studied in low-income women of colour despite high rates of perinatal depression (PND).

Objective: This study aimed to examine the concordance between CAT and traditional measures of depression in a sample of primarily low-income black and Latina women.

Prepregnancy Obesity Does Not Impact Placental Iron Trafficking.

Background: Iron is critical for fetal development. Neonates of obese women may be at risk for poor iron status at birth as a result of maternal inflammation-driven overexpression of hepcidin.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine differences in placental transfer of oral iron (57Fe) and expression of placental transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) and ferroportin (FPN) mRNA and protein and their association with maternal and neonatal iron-related parameters, including maternal hepcidin, among women with and without prepregnancy (PP) obesity.

Prepregnancy Obesity Is Not Associated with Iron Utilization during the Third Trimester.

Background: An adequate maternal iron supply is crucial for maternal red blood cell (RBC) expansion, placental and fetal growth, and fetal brain development. Obese women may be at risk for poor iron status in pregnancy due to proinflammatory-driven overexpression of hepcidin leading to decreased iron bioavailability.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of prepregnancy (PP) obesity on third-trimester maternal iron utilization.