Risk factors and outcomes of melanoma in children and adolescents: A retrospective multicenter study.

Background: Pediatric melanoma presents with distinct clinical features compared to adult disease.

Objective: Characterize risk factors and negative outcomes in pediatric melanoma.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients under 20 years diagnosed with melanoma between January 1, 1995 and June 30, 2015 from 11 academic medical centers.

Melanoma in infants, caused by a gene fusion involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK).

We describe the first cases of pediatric melanoma with ALK fusion gene arising within giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Two newborn boys presented with large pigmented nodular plaques and numerous smaller satellite nevi. Additional expansile nodules developed within both nevi and invasive melanomas were diagnosed before 10 months of age in both boys.

Risk factors for the development of Spitz neoplasms.

Background/objectives: The principal environmental risk factor for conventional nevi and melanomas is ultraviolet exposure. However, little is known about genetic or environmental risk factors for developing Spitz tumors. This study investigates risk factors associated with Spitz neoplasms.

Care of Congenital Melanocytic Nevi in Newborns and Infants: Review and Management Recommendations.

A pediatric dermatology expert working group performed a narrative review to describe care related to congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) in neonates and infants. There are no published guidelines for most aspects of care, including routine skin care and visit intervals. Few guidelines exist for surgical management; newer recommendations favor conservative practice.

Restrictive dermopathy: Three new patients with ZMPSTE24 mutations and a review of the literature.

Restrictive dermopathy (RD) is a rare and lethal laminopathy caused by mutations in LMNA or ZMPSTE24. This series reports 3 patients with RD and reviews the literature of the 113 previously reported cases, including highlights of the unique constellation of clinical findings in RD, as well as histologic, radiographic, and genetic features. Early recognition of these characteristic features is vital to establish a prompt diagnosis and provide adequate family counseling for this terminal condition.

Henoch Schonlein purpura in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A case series.

Retrospective chart review was conducted to identify the clinical features of Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP) in five children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). All five children, four of which were on anti-TNF therapies, experienced the onset of HSP after their IBD diagnosis. HSP averaged 20.

Coconut allergy: Characteristics of reactions and diagnostic predictors in a pediatric tertiary care center.

Background: Little is known on the clinical manifestations of coconut allergy. Our knowledge to date is mainly based on case reports.

Objective: To characterize the allergic reactions to coconut and suggest diagnostic cutoffs for specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) and skin prick testing (SPT) to predict clinically reactive coconut allergy.

Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Children Younger Than Two Years of Age by Community Pediatricians: A Survey and Chart Review.

Objectives: To characterize primary care providers' (PCPs) practice patterns for atopic dermatitis (AD) in children <2 years old and determine the need for AD guidelines for PCPs focused on this age group.

Study Design: This is a mixed-methods study consisting of a survey and a retrospective medical record review of PCP practices in the Chicago metropolitan area. The survey was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Topical calcineurin inhibitors for pediatric periorificial dermatitis.

Background: Data regarding the treatment of periorificial dermatitis with topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) in the pediatric population are limited.

Objective: To assess the clinical utility of TCI in pediatric patients with periorificial dermatitis.

Methods: A retrospective medical record review of all pediatric patients with periorificial dermatitis treated with TCIs was performed.

Integrating Next-Generation Sequencing with Morphology Improves Prognostic and Biologic Classification of Spitz Neoplasms.

The newest World Health Organization classification of skin tumors suggests the elimination of cases with BRAF and NRAS mutations from the categories of Spitz tumors (ST) and Spitz melanoma (SM). The objective of this study is to better characterize the genomics of Spitz neoplasms and assess whether the integration of genomic data with morphologic diagnosis improves classification and prognostication. We performed DNA and RNA sequencing on 80 STs, 26 SMs, and 22 melanomas with Spitzoid features (MSF).

Complementary and alternative therapy for pediatric acne: A review of botanical extracts, dietary interventions, and oral supplements.

Many supplements and products containing botanical extracts are marketed to patients for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Additionally, increasing attention has been paid to the role of diet in acne vulgaris. Studies on this topic including pediatric patients are limited, with variable efficacy data.

Risk Factors and Outcomes of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Children and Young Adults.

Objective: To identify risk factors associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) occurrence and survival in children.

Study Design: This was a multicenter, retrospective, case-control study of patients <20 years of age diagnosed with NMSC between 1995 and 2015 from 11 academic medical centers. The primary outcome measure was frequency of cases and controls with predisposing genetic conditions and/or iatrogenic exposures, including chemotherapy, radiation, systemic immunosuppression, and voriconazole.

Ocular Complications in PHACE Syndrome: A True Association or a Coincidence?

Objective: To characterize the risk for ocular complications in patients with PHACE syndrome.

Study Design: This study included consecutive patients with PHACE syndrome who were seen at Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago from January 2000 through May 2017. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed in all patients, with extra attention for findings typically associated with PHACE syndrome.

Risk of intraocular and other extracutaneous involvement in patients with cutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma.

Background/objectives: Cutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma is an uncommon, usually benign disease affecting infants and young children. Ocular and other systemic involvement have been reported, but their incidence is unclear, and the utility of routine screening is not well established. Our aim was to characterize the risk of ocular and systemic complications in children with cutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma.

Sleep disturbance in children with moderate/severe atopic dermatitis: A case-control study.

Background: Sleep is disturbed in 60% of children with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objective: To characterize sleep in a cohort of children with moderate-to-severe AD and determine methods for assessment of sleep disturbance.

Methods: A case-control study compared children age 6 to 17 years who have moderate-to-severe AD with age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

A single-institution assessment of superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) in the pediatric population: Molecular and histopathologic features compared with adult SSM.

Background: The epidemiology of pediatric melanoma is distinct from that seen in adults. This is more distinguishable when pediatric patients are separated into prepubertal and adolescent groups.

Objective: In this study, we compared epidemiologic, clinical, histologic, and molecular characteristics of pediatric superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) in prepubertal and adolescent patients to that in adults.

Pediatric Erythema Annulare Centrifugum Treated with Oral Fluconazole: A Retrospective Series.

Objectives: Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is an uncommon eruption that may be a hypersensitivity reaction. Treatment of EAC is best accomplished by eliminating the underlying cause. Although many triggers have been reported, the inciting factor is unknown in most patients.

Differential Diagnosis of Linear Eruptions in Children.

A 3-year-old girl presented with a linear eruption on her leg for 2 months. She was otherwise healthy and well-appearing. Physical examination showed many small, erythematous, flat-topped papules coalescing into a linear erythematous plaque.

A 6-month-old boy with persistent pruritic eruption. Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

A previously healthy 6-month-old boy presented to the pediatric dermatology clinic for evaluation of a persistent, pruritic eruption. This eruption involved the scalp, extremities, and inguinal creases and was intensely pruritic. The patient had been previously treated with multiple topical corticosteroids and antifungals, all with minimal improvement.